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mấy anh chị cm cho e thêm cái : \(\dfrac{ay+bx}{c}=\dfrac{bz+cy}{a}=\dfrac{cx+az}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}\\\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\\\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{z}{c}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\bz=cy\\az=cx\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\bz-cy=0\\az-cx=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax-by\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2x^2-2axby+b^2y^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bzcy+c^2y^2\right)+\left(a^2z^2-2azcx+c^2x^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2x^2+c^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2+c^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2z^2+c^2z^2-\left(a^2x^2+b^2b^2+c^2y^2+2axby+2azcx+2bzcy\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+y^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+z^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ax+ab+cz\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
Ta có : \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\) ( theo bđt Bu-nhi-a Cop-xki )
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)
Vậy nếu \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\) thì \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
2) ta có: \(VT=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) và \(VP=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
tính hiệu của cả VT và VP
suy ra: \(\left(ay+bx\right)^2=0\Rightarrow ay=bx\)
vì \(x,y\ne0\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\left(đpcm\right)\)
3)(a2+b2+c2)(x2+y2+z2)=(ax+by+cz)2 (1)
biến đổi đẳng thức (1) thành (ay+bx)2 + (bz-cy)2 +(az-cx)2 =0
\(\Rightarrow\) Đpcm
1) Đặt \(B=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(C=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
Suy ra: \(C=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2=3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{B}{C}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
2) \(x^2-2y^2=xy\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy-2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy-2xy-2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+y\right)-2y\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+y\right)=0\)
Do \(x+y\ne0\) nên \(x-2y=0\Leftrightarrow x=2y\)
Do đó: \(A=\dfrac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\dfrac{y}{3y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
Trừ cả 2 vế cho \(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\), ta có:
\(a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2=2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2-2axby-2bycz-2axcz=0\)
\(\left(a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2axby\right)+\left(a^2z^2+c^2z^2-2axcz\right)+\left(b^2z^2+c^2y^2-2bycz\right)=0\)
\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\\\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0\\\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\bz-cy=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\az=cx\\bz=cy\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)
=> đpcm
Ta có: (a2+b2)(x2+y2)=(ax+by)2
\(\Leftrightarrow\)a2x2+a2y2+b2x2+b2y2=a2x2+2abxy+b2y2
\(\Leftrightarrow\)a2y2-2abxy+b2x2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)(ay-bx)2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)ay=bx
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{x}\)=\(\frac{b}{y}\)
#)Giải :
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+2abxy+b^2y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2=2abxy\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2abxy=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ay-bx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ay=bx\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\)(theo tính chất tỉ lệ thức)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(\text{Đặt }\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}=k \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=kx\\b=ky\\c=kz\end{matrix}\right.\\\Rightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=\left(kx^2+ky^2+kz^2\right)^2\\ =\left(kx^2+ky^2+kz^2\right)\left(kx^2+ky^2+kz^2\right)\\ =\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(k^2x^2+k^2y^2+k^2z^2\right) \\ =\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)