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Bài 1)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(1=(a^2+b^2)(m^2+n^2)\geq (am+bn)^2\Rightarrow -1\leq am+bn\leq 1\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\frac{a}{m}=\frac{b}{n}\) . Kết hợp với \(a^2+b^2=m^2+n^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow \) dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=\pm m;b=\pm n\)
Bài 2)
Ta thấy:
\((ac-bd)^2\geq 0\Rightarrow a^2c^2+b^2d^2\geq 2abcd\Rightarrow (ac+bd)^2\geq 4abcd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4\geq 4cd\rightarrow cd\leq 1\Rightarrow 1-cd\geq 0\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(ac=bd=\pm 1\) và \(cd=1\) ....
Bài 3)
Vế đầu:
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Nhân $2$ và chuyển vế \(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\geq 0\)
BĐT trên luôn đúng nên BĐT đầu tiên cũng đúng.
Vế sau:
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó BĐT sau cũng luôn đúng với mọi số thực $a,b,c$
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2+n^2=1\\a^2+b^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(m^2+n^2\right)=\left(am\right)^2+\left(an\right)^2+\left(bm\right)^2+\left(bn\right)^2=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2-\left[\left(ambn-\left(an\right)^2\right)+\left(ambn-\left(bm\right)^2\right)\right]=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2+\left[an\left(bm-an\right)\right]+\left[bm\left(an-bm\right)\right]=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2-\left(bm-an\right)\left(an-bm\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2+\left(an-bm\right)^2=1\\ \)
\(\left(an-bm\right)^2\ge0\forall_{a,b,m,n}\Rightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le\left(am+bn\right)\le1\Rightarrow dpcm\)
\(x-y=1\Rightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2=1\Rightarrow x^2+xy+y^2=19\Rightarrow x^3-y^3=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=1.19=19\)
\(2,a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2ab+2bc+2ca\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0ma:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=4a^2b^2+4b^2c^2+4c^2a^2+4abc\left(a+b+c\right)=4a^2b^2+4c^2a^2+4b^2c^2\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\left(dpcm\right)\)
Ta có : A =\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}=\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+\frac{1}{4.4}+...+\frac{1}{n.n}\)
< \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
= \(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
= \(1-\frac{1}{n}=\frac{n-1}{n}\)
Ta có 3(n - 1) = 3n - 3
2n = 2n
Mà 3n - 3 > 2n
=> 3(n - 1) > 2n
=> \(\frac{2}{3}>\frac{n-1}{n}\)(tính chất tỉ lệ thức)
<=> A < 2/3 (ĐPCM)
1/42 + 1/62 + 1/82 + ... + 1/(2n)2
= 1/22.(1/22 + 1/32 + 1/42 + ... + 1/n2)
< 1/22.(1/1.2 + 1/2.3 + 1/3.4 + ... + 1/(n-1).n)
< 1/4.(1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 + ... + 1/n-1 - 1/n)
< 1/4.(1 - 1/n)
< 1/4.1 = 1/4 ( đpcm)
a/VT=x5+x^4.y+x^3.y^2+x^2.y^4+x.y^4-x^4.y-x^3.y^2-x^2.y^3-x.y^4-y^5
=x^5-y^5=VP
=>dpcm
1)\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{b+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\cdot\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+b\cdot\left(\dfrac{b}{a+c}+1\right)+c\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b}+1\right)-a-b-c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\cdot\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+b\cdot\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+c}+c\cdot\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}-a-b-c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\left(loai\right)\\\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
p/s:đề thiếu và dư đk
Ai biết giải thì giúp mình mấy bài toán này với, mình xin cảm ơn rất nhiều
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{1990^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{1989.1990}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{1989.1990}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{1989.1990}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{1989}-\frac{1}{1990}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{1990}=\frac{1989}{1990}\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{1990^2}< \frac{1989}{1990}< \frac{3}{4}\)nên \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}< \frac{3}{4}\)