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Ta có :
\(P=\sum\dfrac{x^3}{\sqrt{y^2+3}}\ge\sum\dfrac{x^3}{\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+zx}}\ge\sum\dfrac{x^3}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\\ \overset{Cosi}{\ge}\sum\dfrac{2x^3}{x+2y+z}\ge2\sum\dfrac{\left(x^2\right)^2}{x^2+2xy+xz}\\ \overset{Svacxo}{\ge}2\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(\overset{Cosi}{\ge}\dfrac{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}\\ \overset{Cosi}{\ge}\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$\frac{x^3}{y(x+z)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{x+z}{4}\geq \frac{3}{2}x$
Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại, cộng theo vế và rút gọn ta được:
$\Rightarrow P=\sum \frac{x^3}{y(x+z)}\geq \frac{x+y+z}{2}$
Tiếp tục áp dụng AM-GM:
$x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}$
$y+z\geq 2\sqrt{yz}$
$x+z\geq 2\sqrt{xz}$
$\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq \sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=1$
$\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{1}{2}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{1}{2}$ khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
\(\dfrac{x^3}{y\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{x+z}{4}\ge\dfrac{3x}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P+x+y+z\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(\sqrt{x};\sqrt{y};\sqrt{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3=3\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(ab.bc.ca\right)^3}=3\left(abc\right)^2\Rightarrow a^2b^2c^2\le1\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^{10}}{b^2c^2}+a^2b^2c^2\ge2a^6\)
Tương tự và cộng lại: \(P+3\left(abc\right)^2\ge2\left(a^6+b^6+c^6\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\left(a^6+b^6+c^6\right)-3a^2b^2c^2\ge2\left[\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3\right]-3=3\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a;\sqrt{y}=b;\sqrt{z}=c\Rightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=1\)
\(=\sum\dfrac{a^{12}}{a^6+b^6}=\sum\dfrac{a^6\left(a^6+b^6\right)}{a^6+b^6}-\sum\dfrac{a^6b^6}{a^6+b^6}\\ =\sum a^6-\sum\dfrac{a^6b^6}{a^6+b^6}\\ \overset{Cosi}{\ge}a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^2-\sum\dfrac{a^6b^6}{2a^3b^3}\\ =1-\dfrac{1}{2}\sum a^3b^3=1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x-t}{y+t}+\dfrac{y-x}{z+x}+\dfrac{z-y}{t+y}+\dfrac{t-z}{x+z}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+z-\left(y+t\right)}{y+t}+\dfrac{y+t-\left(z+x\right)}{z+x}=\dfrac{x+z}{y+t}+\dfrac{y+t}{z+x}-2\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+t\right)}{\left(y+t\right)\left(x+z\right)}}-2=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x+z=y+t\)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
\(P=\sum\dfrac{a^4}{\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+1\right)}=\sum\dfrac{a^4bc}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\sum\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{b+1}{8}+\dfrac{c+1}{8}\ge\dfrac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P+\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Cho x,y,z>0 thỏa xy+yz+zx=1.Chứng minh rằng:
\(\Sigma\frac{1}{xy}\ge3+\Sigma\frac{\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}\)
Ta có:
\(VT=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xy}+\frac{xy+yz+zx}{yz}+\frac{xy+yz+zx}{zx}\)
\(VT=3+\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{zx}\) (1)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{zx\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}{xy^2z}}=2\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}{y^2}}=\frac{2\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+zx}}{y}=\frac{2\sqrt{y^2+1}}{y}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{zx}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}\) ; \(\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{zx}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{z^2+1}}{z}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{xz}\ge\frac{\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y^2+1}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{z^2+1}}{z}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=...\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{x+y+y+z+z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\geq \frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\\ y+z\geq 2\sqrt{yz}\\ z+x\geq 2\sqrt{zx}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(x+y+z)\geq 2(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx})=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 1\)
Do đó: \(A\geq \frac{x+y+z}{2}\geq \frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\sum\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+yz+z^2}\ge\sum\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{2}+z^2}=\dfrac{2}{3}\sum\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{2}=1\) (BĐT cuối là BĐT Netsbitt)
Câu b là bài IMO 2001 USA, em có thể tìm thấy rất nhiều lời giải