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ta có xy+yz+zx=0=> \(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
đặt \(\frac{1}{x}=a,\frac{1}{y}=b,\frac{1}{z}=c\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)
ta xét \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3ab-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
=> \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
=> \(M=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{zx}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=\frac{xyz}{x^3}+\frac{xyz}{y^3}+\frac{xyz}{z^3}=xyz\left(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right)=xyz.\frac{3}{xyz}=3\)
=> M=3
Ta có:
\(xy+yz+xz=0\)
Chia cả hai vế của đẳng thức trên cho \(xyz\ne0\), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
Nhận xét: Chú ý rằng nếu \(x+y+z=0\) \(\left(1\right)\) thì \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\) \(\left(\text{*}\right)\)
Thật vậy, từ \(\left(1\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(z=-\left(x+y\right)\)
Do đó, \(x^3+y^3+z^3=x^3+y^3-\left(x+y\right)^3=-3x^2y-3xy^2=-3xy\left(x+y\right)=3xyz\)
Vậy, đẳng thức \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) được chứng minh.
Áp dụng nhận xét trên, ta có:
Nếu \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\) thì \(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=3.\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
Vậy, \(M=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{xz}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=\frac{xyz}{x^3}+\frac{xyz}{y^3}+\frac{xyz}{z^3}=xyz\left(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right)=xyz.\frac{3}{xyz}=3\) \(\left(x,y,z\ne0\right)\)
\(M=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{xz}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=\frac{y^3z^3+x^3z^3+x^3y^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=\frac{\left(yz+xz\right)^3+x^3y^3-3xy^2z^3-3x^2yz^3}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(yz+xz+xy\right)\left[\left(yz+xz\right)^2+xy\left(yz+xz\right)+x^2y^2\right]-3xyz^2\left(xz+yz\right)}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(=\frac{0.\left[\left(yz+xz\right)^2+xy\left(yz+xz\right)+x^2y^2\right]-3xyz^2\left(xz+yz\right)}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(=\frac{-3xyz^2\left(xz+yz\right)}{x^2y^2z^2}=\frac{-3\left(xz+yz\right)}{xy}=\frac{-3.\left(-xy\right)}{xy}=3\)
làm tương tự bài này nha
x + y + z = 3. Tìm Max P = xy + yz + xz
Ta có: (x - y)² ≥ 0 <=> x² - 2xy + y² ≥ 0 <=> x² + y² ≥ 2xy
hay 2xy ≤ x² + y² , dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x = y
tương tự:
+) 2yz ≤ y² + z² +) 2xz ≤ x² + z²
cộng 3 vế của 3 bđt trên
--> 2xy + 2yz + 2xz ≤ 2(x² + y² + z²)
--> xy + yz + xz ≤ x² + y² + z²
--> xy + yz + xz + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz ≤ x² + y² + z² + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz
--> 3(xy + yz + xz) ≤ (x + y + z)²
--> 3(xy + yz + xz) ≤ 3²
--> xy + yz + xz ≤ 3
Theo đề ta có :
xy + yz + xz = 0
\(\Rightarrow xy=0-yz-xz=-\left(yz+xz\right)\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow yz=0-xz-xy=-\left(xz+xy\right)\)(2)
\(\Rightarrow xz=0-xy-yz=-\left(xy+yz\right)\)(3)
\(M=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{xz}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}\)
Từ (1) ; (2) và (3) , ta có :
\(M=\frac{-\left(xy+xz\right)}{x^2}+\frac{-\left(xy+yz\right)}{y^2}+\frac{-\left(yz+xz\right)}{z^2}\)
\(M=\frac{-x\left(y+z\right)}{x^2}+\frac{-y\left(x+z\right)}{y^2}+\frac{-z\left(x+y\right)}{z^2}\)
\(M=\frac{-\left(y+z\right)}{x}+\frac{-\left(x+z\right)}{y}+\frac{-\left(x+y\right)}{z}\)
\(M-3=\left(\frac{-\left(y+z\right)}{x}-1\right)+\left(\frac{-\left(x+z\right)}{y}-1\right)+\left(\frac{-\left(x+y\right)}{z}-1\right)\)
\(M-3=\left(\frac{-y-z}{x}-\frac{x}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{-x-z}{y}-\frac{y}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{-x-y}{z}-\frac{z}{z}\right)\)
\(M-3=\left(\frac{-y-z-x}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{-x-z-y}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{-x-y-z}{z}\right)\)
\(M-3=\frac{-\left(y+z+x\right)}{x}+\frac{-\left(x+z+y\right)}{y}+\frac{-\left(x+y+z\right)}{z}\)
..............
Ta có \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=\sqrt{xyz}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\).
\(P=\frac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2z^2+xz+2x^2}+z\sqrt{2x^2+xy+y^2}\right)\)\(\left(x,y,z>0\right)\).
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{2y^2+2yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)+\frac{3}{4}\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\).
Ta có:
\(\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\forall y;z>0\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2\forall y;z>0\).
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)\forall y,z>0\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)\forall y;z>0\).
\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}x\left(y+z\right)\forall x;y;z>0\left(1\right)\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}y\left(x+z\right)\forall x;y;z>0\left(2\right)\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(z\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}z\left(x+y\right)\forall x;y;z>0\left(3\right)\).
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2z^2+xz+2x^2}+z\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\)\(\ge\)\(\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]=\sqrt{5}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+z^2}+y\sqrt{2z^2+zx+2x^2}+z\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\right)\)\(\ge\)\(\frac{\sqrt{5}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{xyz}=\sqrt{5}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}.3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\)
\(\left(4\right)\).
Vì \(x,y,z>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki, ta được:
\(\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\ge\)\(\left(1.\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+1.\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+1.\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=1^2=1\)
(vì\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)\(\left(5\right)\).
Từ \(\left(4\right)\)và \(\left(5\right)\), ta được:
\(P\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z>0\\\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=\sqrt{xyz}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\).
Vậy \(minP=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\).
Bổ đề: \(\left(mn+np+pm\right)^2\ge3mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow m^2n^2+n^2p^2+p^2m^2+2mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\ge3mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow m^2n^2+n^2p^2+p^2m^2\ge mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow m^2n^2+n^2p^2+p^2m^2-mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(mn-np\right)^2+\left(np-pm\right)^2+\left(pm-mn\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Vậy bổ đề được chứng minh
Áp dụng vào bài toán, ta được: \(\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\ge3xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)hay \(\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\ge3\left(x+y+z\right)\)(Do xyz = 1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z}\ge\frac{3}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{3}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}-\frac{2}{xy+yz+zx}\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx}=s\)thì \(A\ge3s^2-2s=3\left(s^2-\frac{2}{3}s+\frac{1}{9}\right)-\frac{1}{3}=3\left(s-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2-\frac{1}{3}\ge-\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(A\ge-\frac{1}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\x=y=z\\\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx}=\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy \(MinA=-\frac{1}{3}\), đạt được khi x = y = z = 1
\(xy+yz+zx-xyz=1-x-y-z+xy+yz+zx-xyz\)
\(=\left(1-x\right)-y\left(1-x\right)-z\left(1-x\right)+yz\left(1-x\right)\)
\(=\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y-z+yz\right)=\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\)
\(xy+yz+zx+xyz+2=1+x+y+z+xy+yz+zx+xyz\)
\(=\left(1+x\right)+y\left(1+x\right)+z\left(1+x\right)+yz\left(1+x\right)\)
\(=\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)\)
\(1+x+y+z=1+1\Rightarrow1+x=\left(1-y\right)+\left(1-z\right)\ge2\sqrt{\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có: \(1+y\ge2\sqrt{\left(1-z\right)\left(1-x\right)}\)
\(1+z\ge2\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)}\)
Vậy \(S\le\frac{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)}{8\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)}=\frac{1}{8}\)