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đặt \(a=x^2,b=y^2\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)thì \(P=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(1-ab\right)}{\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2}\)
Zì \(a,b\ge0\)nên
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(1-ab\right)=a-a^2b-b+ab^2\le a+ab^2=a\left(1+b^2\right)\le a\left(1+2b+b^2\right)=a\left(1+b\right)^2\)
Lại có \(\left(1+a\right)^2=\left(1-a\right)^2+4a\ge4a\)
=>\(P\le\frac{a\left(1+b\right)^2}{4a\left(1+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{4}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi zà chỉ khi\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=0\end{cases}=>\hept{\begin{cases}x=\pm1\\y=0\end{cases}}}\)
zậy \(maxP=\frac{1}{4}khi\hept{\begin{cases}x=\pm1\\y=0\end{cases}}\)
Bài 2: Ta có: x, y, z không âm và \(x+y+z=\frac{3}{2}\)nên \(0\le x\le\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow2-x>0\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM dạng \(ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\), ta được: \(x+2xy+4xyz=x+4xy\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\right)\le x+4x.\frac{\left(y+z+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}{4}=x+x\left(2-x\right)^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(x+x\left(2-x\right)^2\le2\Leftrightarrow\left(2-x\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1,\frac{1}{2},0\right)\)
Bài 3: Áp dụng đánh giá quen thuộc \(4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2\), ta có: \(2\le\left(x+y\right)^3+4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^3+\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Đặt x + y = t thì ta được: \(t^3+t^2-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+2t+2\right)\ge0\Rightarrow t\ge1\)(dễ thấy \(t^2+2t+2>0\forall t\))
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=3\left(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1=3\left[\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2\right]-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\ge\frac{9}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\)\(=\frac{9}{4}\left[\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\right]-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}\ge\frac{9}{4}.2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2.\frac{1}{4}}-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{9}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}\ge\frac{1}{8}+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{9}{16}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1/2
Ta có bất đẳng thức: \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(a=b\).
Áp dụng ta được:
\(A=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}+\frac{8}{\left(z+3\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(y+2\right)^2}{2^2}}+\frac{8}{\left(z+3\right)^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{8}{\left(x+1+\frac{y+2}{2}\right)^2}+\frac{8}{\left(z+3\right)^2}\ge\frac{64}{\left(x+\frac{y}{2}+z+5\right)^2}=\frac{256}{\left(2x+y+2z+10\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(2x+4y+2z\le x^2+1+y^2+4+z^2+1=x^2+y^2+z^2+6\le3y+6\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+y+2z\le6\)
Suy ra \(A\ge\frac{256}{\left(6+10\right)^2}=1\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=z=1,y=2\).
7. \(S=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+\left(5x^2+24x+2016\right)\)
\(=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+4\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+1936\)
\(=\left[3y-2\left(x+4\right)\right]^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+1936\ge1936\)
Vậy \(S_{min}=1936\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y-2\left(x+4\right)=0\\x-4=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=\frac{16}{3}\end{cases}}\)
8. \(x^2-5x+14-4\sqrt{x+1}=0\) (ĐK: x > = -1).
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+1\right)-4\sqrt{x+1}+4+\left(x^2-6x+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
Với mọi x thực ta luôn có: \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2\ge0\) và \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
Suy ra \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2=0\\\left(x-3\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = 3 (Nhận)
7. \(S=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+\left(5x^2+24x+2016\right)\)
\(=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+4\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+1936\)
\(=\left[3y-2\left(x+4\right)\right]^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+1936\ge1936\)
Vậy \(S_{min}=1936\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y-2\left(x+4\right)=0\\x-4=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=\frac{16}{3}\end{cases}}\)
\(x^3+3x^2+3x+1+y^3+3y^3+3y+1+x+y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+x+y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left(\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\right)+\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left(\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+2=0\)
(phần trong ngoặc \(\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{4}+\frac{3\left(y+1\right)^2}{4}+1\)
\(=\left(x+1-\frac{y+1}{4}\right)^2+\frac{3\left(y+1\right)^2}{4}+1\) luôn dương)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=-2\)
Mà \(xy>0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 0\\y< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x>0\\-y>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{-x}+\frac{1}{-y}\ge\frac{4}{-\left(x+y\right)}=2\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\le-2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=-1\)
2/ \(x;y;z\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{x+y+z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y}{xz+yz+z^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xz+yz+z^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{xy+yz+xz+z^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\) dù trường hợp nào thì thay vào ta đều có \(B=0\)
3/ \(\Leftrightarrow mx-2x+my-y-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\left(x+y\right)-\left(2x+y+1\right)=0\)
Gọi \(A\left(x_0;y_0\right)\) là điểm cố định mà d đi qua
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_0+y_0=0\\2x_0+y_0+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_0=-1\\y_0=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy d luôn đi qua \(A\left(-1;1\right)\) với mọi m