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Theo giả thiết xy + yz + zx = 1 nên ta có: \(VT=\frac{1}{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{1+y^2}+\frac{1}{1+z^2}=\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}=\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^2\le\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right)=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^3\le\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)Ta cần chứng minh: \(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)
hay \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối đúng theo AM - GM do: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}.\frac{x}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}.\frac{y}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}.\frac{z}{z+y}}\le\frac{\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
chia cả 2 vế của giả thiết cho xyz rồi đặt 1/x ; 1/y ; 1/z => a ; b ; c
đến đây thì tự làm tiếp đi
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\)<= {\(\frac{1}{x}\)+\(\frac{1}{y}\)} : 2
Tương tư.....
=> DPCM
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(x^2+1=x^2+xy+yz+xz=(x+y)(x+z)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(y^2+1=(y+z)(y+x); z^2+1=(z+x)(z+y)\)
Do đó:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}=\frac{1}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{1}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{1}{(z+x)(z+y)}=\frac{2(x+y+z)}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}(*)\)
----------------------------------------------------
\(\text{VP}=\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{y^2+1}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+1}}\right)^3=\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{(y+x)(y+z)}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\right)^3\)
\(=\frac{2}{3}.\frac{(x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y})^3}{\sqrt{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}^3}(1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y})^2\leq (x+y+z)(xy+xz+yx+yz+zx+zy)=2(x+y+z)\)
\(\Rightarrow (x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y})^3\leq \sqrt{2(x+y+z)}^3(2)\)
\((x+y)(y+z)(x+z)=(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)-xyz\geq (x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)-\frac{(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)}{9}\) (AM-GM)
\(=\frac{8}{9}(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)=\frac{8}{9}(x+y+z)\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}^3\geq (x+y)(y+z)(x+z)\sqrt{\frac{8}{9}(x+y+z)}(3)\)
Từ \((1);(2);(3)\Rightarrow \text{VP}\leq \frac{2}{3}.\frac{\sqrt{2(x+y+z)}^3}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)\sqrt{\frac{8}{9}(x+y+z)}}=\frac{2(x+y+z)}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}(**)\)
Từ \((*); (**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \text{VP}\). Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có \(1+x^2=x^2+xy+yz+xz=\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT <=>
\(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+...\right)\)
<=> \(\frac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\right)^3\)
<=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}\right)^3\)
<=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\right)^3\)(1)
Xét \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
<=> \(9\left[xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+2xyz\right]\ge8\left(xy\left(x+y\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+3xyz\right)\)
<=> \(xy\left(y+x\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)\ge6xyz\)
<=> \(x\left(y-z\right)^2+z\left(x-y\right)^2+y\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\)luôn đúng
Khi đó (1) <=>
\(\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}.\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+....\right)^3\)
<=> \(\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\)
Áp dụng buniacopxki cho vế phải ta có
\(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\le\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(3-xy-yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=> BĐT được CM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(3=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz\le1\)
\(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\le\frac{x^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{y^2+1+1}{3}+\frac{z^2+1+1}{3}=3\)
Ta co:
\(A=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x\sqrt[3]{x}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{y\sqrt[3]{y}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\frac{z\sqrt[3]{z}}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\ge x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A\ge3\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\ge\left(x\sqrt[3]{x}+y\sqrt[3]{y}+z\sqrt[3]{z}\right)\left(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge xy+yz+zx\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz, ta có: \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)(Do \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\))
Ta có: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz.1}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx.1}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy.1}}\)
\(\ge\frac{x}{\frac{y+z+1}{3}}+\frac{y}{\frac{z+x+1}{3}}+\frac{z}{\frac{x+y+1}{3}}\)\(=\frac{3x}{y+z+1}+\frac{3y}{z+x+1}+\frac{3z}{x+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{3x^2}{xy+zx+x}+\frac{3y^2}{yz+xy+y}+\frac{3z^2}{zx+yz+z}\)\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)}\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz dạng Engle)
\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\ge xy+yz+zx\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
a/ Nhân cả tử và mẫu của từng phân số với liên hợp của nó và rút gọn:
\(VT=\sqrt{a+3}-\sqrt{a+2}+\sqrt{a+2}-\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\)
\(=\sqrt{a+3}-\sqrt{a}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{a}}\)
b/ \(VT=\frac{x}{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}+\frac{y}{y\left(x+y+z\right)+zx}+\frac{z}{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\) (1)
Mặt khác ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
Thật vậy, \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)+xyz\)
Mà \(xyz\le\frac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\) (theo AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\le\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\) (đpcm)
Thay vào (1) \(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x},b=\frac{1}{y},c=\frac{1}{z}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a,b,c>0\\ab+bc+ca=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(K=\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{bc}\left(1+\frac{1}{a^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{ac}\left(1+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}\left(1+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}}\) \(=\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\frac{a^2+1}{a^2bc}}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b}}{\sqrt{\frac{b^2+1}{ab^2c}}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c}}{\sqrt{\frac{c^2+1}{abc^2}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2+1}}\) \(=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\) \(\Rightarrow K\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
#)Giải :
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xz}}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng (1),(2),(3) vế theo vế ta được :
\(2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta thấy : \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
Mà : \(x^2+y^2=1\)\(\Rightarrow2xy\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy\le1+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow|x+y|\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)