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#)Giải :
a) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{5x+y-2z}{50+6-42}=\frac{28}{14}=2\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{10}=2\\\frac{y}{6}=2\\\frac{z}{21}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=20\\y=12\\z=42\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có : \(3x=2y\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}\)
\(7y=5z\Rightarrow\frac{y}{7}=\frac{z}{7}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-15+21}=\frac{32}{16}=2\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{10}=2\\\frac{y}{15}=2\\\frac{z}{21}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=20\\y=30\\z=42\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có : \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}\)
\(\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}=\frac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+20}=\frac{6}{2}=3\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{9}=3\\\frac{y}{12}=3\\\frac{z}{20}=3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=27\\y=36\\z=60\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(\frac{2x}{3}=\frac{3y}{4}=\frac{4z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{12x}{18}=\frac{12y}{16}=\frac{12z}{15}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\frac{12x}{18}=\frac{12y}{6}=\frac{12z}{15}=\frac{12x+12y+12z}{18+16+5}=\frac{12\left(x+y+z\right)}{18+16+15}=\frac{12.49}{49}=12\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{12x}{18}=12\\\frac{12y}{16}=2\\\frac{12z}{15}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x=216\\12y=192\\12z=180\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=18\\y=16\\z=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
a) \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{5x}{50}=\frac{2z}{42}=\frac{5x+y-2z}{50+6-42}=\frac{28}{14}=2\)(vì \(5x+y-z=28\))
⇒ \(x=20;y=12;z=42\)
b) \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-15+21}=\frac{32}{16}=2\)(vì \(x-y+z=32\))
⇒ \(x=20;y=30;z=42\)
c) \(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}=\frac{2x}{18}=\frac{3y}{36}=\frac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+15}=\frac{6}{-3}=-2\)
⇒ x= -18; y= -24; z= -30
d) \(\frac{x}{18}=\frac{y}{16}=\frac{z}{15}=\frac{x+y+z}{18+16+15}=\frac{49}{49}=1\)
⇒ x=18; y=16; z=15
Chứng minh một số bất đẳng thức phụ:
1. \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\ge3\)
2. \(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\text{ (vừa chứng minh ở trên)}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
3. \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge3\left(xy+y+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\sqrt{3.3}=3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{x^4}{y+3z}+\frac{y^4}{z+3x}+\frac{z^4}{x+3y}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{y+3z+z+3x+x+3y}=\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{3.\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = y = z = 1.
C2: Áp dụng Co6si:
\(\frac{x^4}{y+3z}+\frac{y+3z}{16}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{x^4}{y+3z}.\frac{y+3z}{16}.\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{4}}=x\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^4}{y+3z}\ge x-\frac{y+3z}{16}-\frac{1}{2}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{y^4}{z+3x}\ge y-\frac{z+3x}{16}-\frac{1}{2};\frac{z^4}{x+3y}\ge z-\frac{x+3y}{16}-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^4}{y+3z}+\frac{y^4}{z+3x}+\frac{z^4}{x+3y}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{4}.3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
(\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge xy+yz+zx+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=3\left(xy+yz+zy\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1.
a) Ta có: \(\frac{3x-11}{11}-\frac{x}{3}=\frac{3x-5}{7}-\frac{5x-3}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{63\left(3x-11\right)}{693}-\frac{231x}{693}-\frac{99\left(3x-5\right)}{693}+\frac{77\left(5x-3\right)}{693}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow189x-693-231x-297x+495+385x-231=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow46x-429=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow46x=429\)
hay \(x=\frac{429}{46}\)
Vậy: \(x=\frac{429}{46}\)
b) Ta có: \(\frac{9x-0,7}{4}-\frac{5x-1,5}{7}=\frac{7x-1,1}{6}-\frac{5\left(0,4-2x\right)}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9x-0,7}{4}-\frac{5x-1,5}{7}-\frac{7x-1,1}{6}+\frac{5\left(0,4-2x\right)}{5}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow105\left(9x-0,7\right)-60\left(5x-1,5\right)-70\left(7x-1,1\right)+420\left(0,4-2x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow945x-\frac{147}{2}-300x+90-490x+77+168-840x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-685x+261.5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-685x=-261.5\)
hay \(x=\frac{523}{1370}\)
Vậy: \(x=\frac{523}{1370}\)
c) Ta có: \(\frac{5\left(x-1\right)+2}{6}-\frac{7x-1}{4}=\frac{2\left(2x-1\right)}{7}-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{14\left(5x-3\right)}{84}-\frac{21\left(7x-1\right)}{84}-\frac{24\left(2x-1\right)}{84}+\frac{420}{84}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow70x-42-147x+21-48x+24+420=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-125x+423=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-125x=-423\)
hay \(x=\frac{423}{125}\)
Vậy: \(x=\frac{423}{125}\)
d) Ta có: \(14\frac{1}{2}-\frac{2\left(x+3\right)}{5}=\frac{3x}{2}-\frac{2\left(x-7\right)}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{435}{30}-\frac{12\left(x+3\right)}{30}-\frac{45x}{30}+\frac{20\left(x-7\right)}{30}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow435-12x-36-45x+20x-140=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-37x+259=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-37x=-259\)
hay \(x=7\)
Vậy: x=7
Ta có : \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{y}{6}=\frac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{10}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{10}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{10}=\frac{3x}{27}=\frac{2y}{24}=\frac{5z}{50}=\frac{3x-2y+5z}{27-24+50}=\frac{86}{53}\) (đề sai)
b) Đặt : k = \(\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{7}\)
=> k2 \(=\frac{x}{5}.\frac{y}{7}=\frac{xy}{35}=\frac{140}{35}=4\)
=> k = -2;2
+ k = 2 thì \(\frac{x}{5}=2\Rightarrow x=10\)
\(\frac{z}{7}=2\Rightarrow z=14\)
+ k = -2 thì \(\frac{x}{5}=2\Rightarrow x=-10\)
\(\frac{z}{7}=2\Rightarrow z=-14\)
Vậy................................
1/ \(\frac{x-3}{3xy}\)+\(\frac{5x+3}{3xy}\)= \(\frac{6x}{3xy}\)=\(\frac{3}{y}\)
2/\(\frac{5x-7}{2x-3}\)+\(\frac{4-3x}{2x-3}\)=\(\frac{2x-3}{2x-3}\)=1
3/\(\frac{11x-7}{3-5x}\)-\(\frac{6x+4}{5x-3}\)=\(\frac{11x-7}{3-5x}\)+\(\frac{6x+4}{3-5x}\)=\(\frac{17x-3}{3-5x}\)
4/\(\frac{3}{2x+6}\)-\(\frac{x-6}{2x^2+6x}\)=\(\frac{3x}{x\left(2x+6\right)}\)-\(\frac{x-6}{x\left(2x+6\right)}\)=\(\frac{2x-6}{x\left(2x+6\right)}\)
5/\(\frac{1}{2x-10}\)+\(\frac{2x}{3x^2-15x}\)=\(\frac{1}{2\left(x-5\right)}\)+\(\frac{2x}{3x\left(x-5\right)}\)=\(\frac{3x}{6x \left(x-5\right)}\)+\(\frac{4x}{6x\left(x-5\right)}\)
=\(\frac{7x}{6x\left(x-5\right)}\)=\(\frac{7}{6\left(x-5\right)}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{5z-7y}{3}=\frac{7x-3z}{5}=\frac{3y-5x}{7}=\frac{3\left(5z-7y\right)}{9}=\frac{5\left(7x-3z\right)}{25}=\frac{7\left(3y-5x\right)}{49}\)
\(=\frac{15z-21y}{9}=\frac{35x-15z}{25}=\frac{21y-35x}{49}=\frac{15z-21y+35x-15z+21y-35x}{9+25+49}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}5z-7y=0\\7x-3z=0\\3y-5x=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{7}}\) (đpcm)