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Vì \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\)(*)
Ta có : \(A=\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=\dfrac{xyz}{x^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{z^3}=xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=xyz\left(\dfrac{3}{xyz}\right)=3\)
\(A=\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)\\ =y+x+\dfrac{xy}{z}+y+z+\dfrac{yz}{x}+x+z+\dfrac{xz}{y}-\left(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\right)\\ =2\left(x+y+z\right)=2.2018=4036\)
C/m: 1 bài toán nhỏ :
Cho \(a+b+c=0\) . CM : \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Do \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
Lại có : \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3a^2b-3b^2a+c^3\)
\(=-c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab.\left(-c\right)\)
\(=3abc\)
Do \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\) , áp dụng từ bài toán trên , ta được :
\(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=3.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}.\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\)
Lại có : \(P=\dfrac{xy}{z^2}+\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{xz}{y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{xyz}{z^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{x^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3}\)
\(=xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\)
\(=xyz.\dfrac{3}{xyz}\)
\(=3\)
Vậy \(P=3\)
:D
Lời giải:
Từ \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow \frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
Suy ra \(yz=-xy-xz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2yz=x^2+yz-xy-xz=x(x-y)-z(x-y)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2yz=(x-z)(x-y)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{yz}{x^2+2yz}=\frac{yz}{(x-z)(x-y)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
\(A=\frac{yz}{(x-y)(x-z)}+\frac{xz}{(y-x)(y-z)}+\frac{xy}{(z-x)(z-y)}\)
\(A=\frac{-yz(y-z)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}+\frac{-xz(z-x)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}+\frac{-xy(x-y)}{x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}\)
\(A=\frac{xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}\)
\(A=\frac{xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x)}{xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x)}=1\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\)\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=-yz-xz\\yz=-xy-xz\\xz=-xy-xz\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2yz}=\dfrac{yz}{x^2+yz-xy-xz}=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
Tương tự:
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{xz}{y^2+2xz}=\dfrac{xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\\\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2xy}=\dfrac{xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\\\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2yz}=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{xz+xy+yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{0}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=0\)
Vậy \(A=0.\)
Sửa lại đề: cho x, y, z dương thỏa mãn \(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}+\dfrac{1}{yz}=1\)
Chứng minh \(A=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{yz\left(1+x^2\right)}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{xz\left(1+y^2\right)}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt{xy\left(1+z^2\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Giải:
Đặt \(a=\dfrac{1}{x};b=\dfrac{1}{y};c=\dfrac{1}{z}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{bc}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right)}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{b}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{ac}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{ab}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a^2+1}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{b^2+1}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{b^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+ab+bc+ac}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+c}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\) hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Đề bài này có rất nhiều vấn đề, đầu tiên không có điều kiện x, y, z gì cả? Dương? Â? Bằng 0? Khác 0?
Sau nữa là chiều của BĐT cũng có vấn đề nốt, mình thử với \(x=y=2;z=\dfrac{4}{3}\) thì vế trái ra \(\dfrac{2+\sqrt{30}}{5}\) mà theo casio cho biết thì số này nhỏ hơn \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) , vậy BĐT cũng sai luôn
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{yz}{xyz}+\dfrac{xz}{xyz}+\dfrac{xy}{xyz}=0\)
<=> yz + xz + xy = 0
=> (yz)3 + (xz)3 + (xy)3 = 3x2y2z2
\(A=\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{xz}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{y^3z^3}{x^2y^2z^2}+\dfrac{x^3z^3}{x^2y^2z^2}+\dfrac{x^3y^3}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{3x^2y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
= 3
Từ \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}=0\left(1\right)\\1+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}=0\left(2\right)\\1+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}=0\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Và \(\dfrac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{z^2}+\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{xz}{y^2}+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}=0\)
Cộng theo vế của \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right);\left(3\right)\)suy ra:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}=-3\)
\(\Rightarrow A-3=0\Rightarrow A=3\)