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\(S=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\frac{4\left(xy\right)}{2xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{4\left(x+y\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y
S đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất bằng 6 tại x = y.
\(P=\left(x+y\right)^2\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy}\)
Ta có : \(\left(x+y\right)^2\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)\ge\frac{4\left(x+y\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=4\) (áp dụng \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\))
\(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy}\ge2\)(Suy ra từ \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\))
\(\Rightarrow P\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y
Vậy MIN P = 6
\(Q=\frac{x^3}{4\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{x^3\left(x+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3\left(y+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^4+y^4+2x^3+2y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(xy+2x+2y+4\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(2x+2y+8\right)}=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(x^4+y^4\ge2\sqrt{x^4y^4}=2x^2y^2\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2xy\)
\(Q=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\ge\frac{2x^2y^2+2xy\left(x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{2xy\left(xy+x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{8\left(x+y+4\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y>0\\x=y\\xy=4\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=2\)
Vậy GTNN của Q là 1 <=> x = y = 2
Or
\(Q-1=\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-8\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\ge0\)*đúng do \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy=8\)*
Do đó \(Q\ge1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 2
Đặt Q = \(\frac{x^3}{4\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) = \(\frac{x^3\left(x+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3\left(y+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\)
Q = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2x^3+2y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\) = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(xy+2x+2y+4\right)}\)
Q = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(2x+2y+8\right)}\) = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có:
\(x^4+y^4\ge2\sqrt{x^4y^4}=2x^2y^2\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2y^2=}2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)Q = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\ge\frac{2x^2y^2+2xy\left(x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{2xy\left(xy+x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)Q = \(\frac{8\left(x+y+4\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)= \(1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra : \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x,y>0\\x=y\Rightarrow\\xy=4\end{cases}x=y=2}\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của Q là 1 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\)
CMR: \(\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^{2021}+\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^{2021}⋮4\)
đặt \(a=2+\sqrt{3}\); \(b=2-\sqrt{3}\)
suy ra: \(a+b=2+\sqrt{3}+2-\sqrt{3}=4\)
và : \(ab=\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)=1\)
Ta có: \(a^{2021}+b^{2021}=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^{2020}-a^{2019}b+a^{2018}b^2-...+a^{1010}b^{1010}-...-ab^{2019}+b^{2020}\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^{2020}-a^{2018}ab+a^{2016}a^2b^2-...+a^{1010}b^{1010}-...-abb^{2018}+b^{2020}\right)\)
Vì \(a+b=4\);\(ab=1\)nên:
\(a^{2021}+b^{2021}=4\left(a^{2020}-a^{2018}+a^{2016}-...+1-...-b^{2018}+b^{2020}\right)\)
\(=4\left(a^{2020}+b^{2020}-\left(a^{2018}+b^{2018}\right)+a^{2016}+b^{2016}-...+1\right)\)
\(=4\left(\left(a+b\right)^{2020}-2\left(ab\right)^{1010}-\left(a+b\right)^{2018}+2\left(ab\right)^{1009}+\left(a+b\right)^{2016}-2\left(ab\right)^{1008}-...+1\right)\)\(=4\left(4^{2020}-2-4^{2018}+2+4^{2016}-2-...+1\right)\)
\(=4S\)(Với \(S\inℕ^∗\))
suy ra \(a^{2021}+b^{2021}=4S⋮4\)
Vậy \(\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^{2021}+\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^{2021}⋮4\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(B=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+xy-x-y+1-3+2013^{2014}\)
\(B=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)+2013^{2014}-3\)
\(B=\left(x-1+\frac{y-1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3\left(y-1\right)^2}{4}+2013^{2014}-3\ge2013^{2014}-3\)
Vậy \(minB=2013^{2014}-3\) <=> \(y=x=1\)
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