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Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si,ta có :
x4 + yz \(\ge\)\(2\sqrt{x^4yz}=2x^2\sqrt{yz}\); \(y^4+xz\ge2y^2\sqrt{xz}\); \(z^4+xy\ge2z^2\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{x^4+yz}+\frac{y^2}{y^4+xz}+\frac{z^2}{z^4+xy}\le\frac{x^2}{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{2y^2\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{2z^2\sqrt{xy}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{xy}}\)
CM : x + y + z \(\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{x^4+yz}+\frac{y^2}{y^4+xz}+\frac{z^2}{z^4+xy}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3xyz}{xyz}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các cặp số dương, ta có: \(\Sigma\frac{x^2}{x^4+yz}\le\Sigma\frac{x^2}{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}=\Sigma\frac{1}{2\sqrt{yz}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xyz}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3xyz}{xyz}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Đặt: \(VT=\frac{x^2}{y+2}+\frac{y^2}{z+2}+\frac{z^2}{x+2}\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy, ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{y+2}+\frac{1}{9}\left(y+2\right)\ge\frac{2}{3}x\) và \(\frac{y^2}{z+2}+\frac{1}{9}\left(z+2\right)\ge\frac{2}{3}y\)và \(\frac{z^2}{x+2}+\frac{1}{9}\left(x+2\right)\ge\frac{2}{3}z\)
Cộng vế theo vế, ta có:
\(VT\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z+6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{5}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{2}{3}\) ( 1 )
Theo BĐT Cauchy, ta chứng minh được:
@ \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3xyz\ge xy+yz+zx\Leftrightarrow3\ge\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
@ \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{9}{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge\frac{9}{3}=3\) ( 2 )
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{5}{9}.3-\frac{2}{3}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)( thỏa đề bài )
Bài 32:
a) P= \(\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+4}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(1+\sqrt{2}\)
b) Có: \(x^2-2y^2=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2-y^2-xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-y\left(y+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x-2y=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-y\\x=2y\end{cases}}}\)
Thay x=-y ta có: Q=\(\frac{-y-y}{-y+y}\)=\(\frac{-2y}{0}\)(loại )
Thay x=2y ta có : Q=\(\frac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\frac{y}{3y}=\frac{1}{3}\)
+> Lấy (x + y + z)^2 = x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz = 1+2xy+2yz+2xz
Mà (x + y + z)^2 = 1
=> 2xy+2yz+2xz = 0
=> xy+yz+xz = 0
=> (xy+yz+xz)(x + y + z) = 0
+> Lấy (x + y + z)^3 = x^3 + y^3 + z^3 + 6xyz + 3xy^2 + 3x^2y + 3x^2z + 3xz^2 + 3yz^2 + 3y^2z = 1 + 6xyz + 3xy^2 + 3x^2y + 3x^2z + 3xz^2 + 3yz^2 + 3y^2z
Mà (x + y + z)^3 = 1
=> 6xyz + 3xy^2 + 3x^2y + 3x^2z + 3xz^2 + 3yz^2 + 3y^2z = 0
=> 6xyz + 3(xy^2 + x^2y + x^2z + xz^2 + yz^2 + y^2z) = 0
=> 6xyz + 3[xy(x+y) + xz(x+z) + yz(y+z)] = 0
=> 6xyz + 3[xy(1-z) + xz(1-y) + yz(1-x)] = 0
=> 6xyz + 3(xy - xyz + xz - xyz + yz - xyz) = 0
Mà xy+yz+xz = 0
=> 6xyz - 9xyz = 0
=> xyz = 0
Mà (xy+yz+xz)(x + y + z) = 0
=> (xy+yz+xz)(x + y + z) = xyz
=> (xy+yz+xz)(x+y+z) - xyz = 0
Phân tích đa thức trên thành nhân tử, ta có (x+y)(y+z)(x+z) = 0
=> x+y = 0 ; y+z = 0 ; x+z = 0
Có x^2017 + y^2017 + z^2017
= (x+y)(x^2017 -x^2016y+...+y^2017) + z^2017 (1)
= z^ 2017
Có x+y = 0 => x = -y
=> (x + y + z )^2017 = z^2017 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) = > x^2017 + y^2017 + z^2017 = (x + y + z )^2017 = 1
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Ta có: \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
khi đó:
\(P\le\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{2}{c+a}\)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b}=\frac{4}{a+b}\)=> \(\frac{2}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
=> \(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1
Vậy max P = 3 tại a = b = c =1.
Không thích làm cách này đâu nhưng đường cùng rồi nên thua-_-
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+y}=a;\sqrt{y+z}=b;\sqrt{z+x}=c\) suy ra
\(x=\frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2};y=\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2};z=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2}\). Ta cần chứng minh:
\(abc\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
Đây là bất đẳng thức Schur bậc 3, ta có đpcm.
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\) Thay x+y+z=0 vào
\(\Rightarrow0=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\) (1)
Ta có
\(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2=x^4+y^4+z^4+2x^2y^2+2y^2z^2+2x^2z^2\) (2)
Bình phương 2 vế của (1)
\(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2=4\left(xy+yz+xz\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2=4\left(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+x^2z^2+2xy^2z+2xyz^2+2x^2yz\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2=4\left[x^2y^2+y^2z^2+x^2z^2+2xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\right]\)
Do x+y+z=0 nên
\(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2=4\left(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+x^2z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2}=2x^2y^2+2y^2z^2+2x^2z^2\) (3)
Thay (3) vào (2)
\(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2=x^4+y^4+z^4+\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\) (đpcm)