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9.
\(f\left(x\right)=F'\left(x\right)=3ax^2+2bx+c\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(1\right)=2\\f\left(2\right)=3\\f\left(3\right)=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a.1+2b.1+c=2\\3a.2^2+2b.2+c=3\\3a.3^2+2b.3+c=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+2b+c=2\\12a+4b+c=3\\27a+6b+c=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=\frac{1}{2}\\c=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2}x^2+x+1\)
10.
\(F\left(x\right)=\int\frac{x-2}{x^3}dx=\int\left(\frac{1}{x^2}-\frac{2}{x^3}\right)dx=\int\left(x^{-2}-2x^{-3}\right)dx\)
\(=-1.x^{-1}+x^{-2}+C=-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}+C\)
\(F\left(-1\right)=3\Leftrightarrow1+1+C=3\Rightarrow C=1\)
\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}+1\)
4.
\(\int\left(x^3-\frac{3}{x^2}+2^x\right)dx=\frac{1}{4}x^4-\frac{3}{x}+\frac{2^x}{ln2}+C\)
5.
\(\int e^{2019x}dx=\frac{1}{2019}\int e^{2019x}d\left(2019x\right)=\frac{1}{2019}e^{2019x}+C\)
6.
\(\int sin2018x.dx=\frac{1}{2018}\int sin2018x.d\left(2018x\right)=-\frac{1}{2018}cos2018x+C\)
7.
\(\int\frac{x^2-x+1}{x-1}dx=\int\left(\frac{x\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}+\frac{1}{x-1}\right)dx=\int\left(x+\frac{1}{x-1}\right)dx=\frac{1}{2}x^2+ln\left|x-1\right|+C\)
8.
\(F\left(x\right)=\int\left(2x+1\right)^3dx=\frac{1}{2}\int\left(2x+1\right)^3d\left(2x+1\right)=\frac{1}{8}\left(2x+1\right)^4+C\)
\(F\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=4\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\left(2.\frac{1}{2}+1\right)^4+C=4\Rightarrow C=2\)
\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{8}\left(2x+1\right)^4+2\Rightarrow F\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{8}4^4+2=34\)
Lời giải:
\(\frac{3x^3f(x)}{f'(x)^2+xf'(x)+x^2}=f'(x)-x\)
\(\Rightarrow 3x^3f(x)=[f'(x)-x][f'(x)^2+xf'(x)+x^2]=f'(x)^3-x^3\)
\(\Rightarrow 3f(x)=\left(\frac{f'(x)}{x}\right)^3-1\)
Đặt \(\frac{f'(x)}{x}=g(x)\Rightarrow f'(x)=xg(x)(1)\) .
Vì \(f(1)=\frac{7}{3}\Rightarrow f'(1)=2\Rightarrow g(1)=2\)
Ta có: \(3f(x)=g(x)^3-1\)
\(\Rightarrow 3f'(x)=3g'(x)g(x)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow f'(x)=g'(x)g(x)^2(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow xg(x)=g'(x)g(x)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x=g'(x)g(x)=\frac{1}{2}[g(x)^2]'\) \(\Rightarrow 2x=[g(x)^2]'\Rightarrow g(x)^2=\int 2xdx=x^2+c\)
Kết hợp với $g(1)=2$ suy ra $c=3$
Vậy \(g(x)^2=x^2+3\Rightarrow f(x)=\frac{g(x)^3-1}{3}=\frac{(x^2+3)^{\frac{3}{2}}-1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow f(2)=\frac{\sqrt{343}-1}{3}\)
Câu 1:
\(\int\limits^3_0\left(f'\left(x\right)+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\int\limits^3_0\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\frac{14}{3}=\frac{302}{15}\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\frac{232}{15}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_0\frac{f\left(x\right)dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=2\sqrt{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=2f\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}|^3_0-2\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=4f\left(3\right)-2f\left(0\right)-2.\frac{232}{15}\)
\(=2\left(2f\left(3\right)-f\left(0\right)\right)-\frac{464}{15}=36-\frac{464}{15}=\frac{76}{15}\)
Câu 2:
\(I_1=\int\limits^3_1\frac{xf'\left(x\right)}{x+1}dx=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{x}{x+1}\\dv=f'\left(x\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\\v=f\left(x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\frac{xf\left(x\right)}{x+1}|^3_1-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{3.3}{3+1}-\frac{1.3}{1+1}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)+lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx+\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}+I_2\)
Xét \(I_2=\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{dx}{x}\\v=\frac{-1}{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_2=\frac{-lnx}{x+1}|^3_1+\int\limits^3_1\frac{dx}{x\left(x+1\right)}=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\left(\frac{x}{x+1}\right)|^3_1=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\frac{3}{4}-ln\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
Nhìn 2 vế của hàm số thì có vẻ ta cần phân tích biểu thức vế trái về dạng \(\left[f\left(x\right).u\left(x\right)\right]'=f\left(x\right).u'\left(x\right)+u\left(x\right).f'\left(x\right)\), ta cần tìm thằng \(u\left(x\right)\) này
Biến đổi 1 chút xíu: \(\frac{\left[f\left(x\right).u\left(x\right)\right]'}{u\left(x\right)}=\frac{u'\left(x\right)}{u\left(x\right)}f\left(x\right)+f'\left(x\right)\) (1) hay vào bài toán:
\(\left(\frac{x+2}{x+1}\right)f\left(x\right)+f'\left(x\right)=\frac{e^x}{x+1}\) (2)
Nhìn (1) và (2) thì rõ ràng ta thấy \(\frac{u'\left(x\right)}{u\left(x\right)}=\frac{x+2}{x+1}=1+\frac{1}{x+1}\)
Lấy nguyên hàm 2 vế:
\(ln\left(u\left(x\right)\right)=\int\left(1+\frac{1}{x+1}\right)dx=x+ln\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow u\left(x\right)=e^{x+ln\left(x+1\right)}=e^x.e^{ln\left(x+1\right)}=e^x.\left(x+1\right)\)
Vậy ta đã tìm xong hàm \(u\left(x\right)\)
Vế trái bây giờ cần biến đổi về dạng:
\(\left[f\left(x\right).e^x\left(x+1\right)\right]'=e^x\left(x+2\right).f\left(x\right)+f'\left(x\right).e^x\left(x+1\right).f'\left(x\right)\)
Để tạo thành điều này, ta cần nhân \(e^x\) vào 2 vế của biểu thức ban đầu:
\(e^x\left(x+2\right)f\left(x\right)+e^x\left(x+1\right)f'\left(x\right)=e^{2x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[f\left(x\right).e^x.\left(x+1\right)\right]'=e^{2x}\)
Lấy nguyên hàm 2 vế:
\(f\left(x\right).e^x\left(x+1\right)=\int e^{2x}dx=\frac{1}{2}e^{2x}+C\)
Do \(f\left(0\right)=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow f\left(0\right).e^0=\frac{1}{2}e^0+C\Rightarrow C=0\)
Vậy \(f\left(x\right).e^x\left(x+1\right)=\frac{1}{2}e^{2x}\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2}\frac{e^{2x}}{e^x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{e^x}{2\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(2\right)=\frac{e^2}{2\left(2+1\right)}=\frac{e^2}{6}\)