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a) Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
=> ad = bc
Ta có : (a + 2c)(b + d)
= a(b + d) + 2c(b + d)
= ab + ad + 2cb + 2cd (1)
Ta có : (a + c)(b + 2d)
= a(b + 2d) + c(b + 2b)
= ab + a2d + cb + c2b
= ab + c2d + ad + c2b (Vì ad = cd) (2)
Từ (1),(2) => (a + 2c)(b + d) = (a + c)(b + 2d) (ĐPCM)
Sửa đề bài : P = \(\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\)
=> \(\dfrac{y+z+t}{x}=\dfrac{z+t+x}{y}=\dfrac{t+x+y}{z}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{t}\)
=> \(\dfrac{y+z+t}{x}+1=\dfrac{z+t+x}{y}+1=\dfrac{t+x+y}{z}+1=\dfrac{x+y+z}{t}+1\)=> \(\dfrac{y+z+t+x}{x}=\dfrac{z+t+x+y}{y}=\dfrac{t+x+y+z}{z}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{t}\)TH1: x + y + z + t # 0
=> x = y = z = t
Ta có : P = \(\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}=\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}=\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}=\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\)
P = \(\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}\)
P = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4
TH2 : x + y + z + t = 0
=> x + y = -(z + t)
y + z = -(t + x)
z + t = -(x + y)
t + x = -(y + z)
Ta có : P = \(\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}=\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}=\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}=\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\)
P = \(\dfrac{-\left(z+t\right)}{z+t}=\dfrac{-\left(t+x\right)}{t+x}=\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=\dfrac{-\left(y+z\right)}{y+z}\)
P = (-1) + (-1) + (-1) + (-1)
P = -4
Vậy ...
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{y+t+x}=\dfrac{t}{y+x+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}+1=\dfrac{z}{y+t+x}+1=\dfrac{t}{y+x+z}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+t+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+x+z}\)+) Xét \(x+y+z+t=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z=-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t=-\left(x+y\right)\\x+t=-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=-1\)
+) Xét \(x+y+z+t\ne0\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1\)
Vậy A = -1 hoặc A = 1
Ta có:\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}+1=\dfrac{z}{y+t+x}+1=\dfrac{t}{y+x+z}+1\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+y+z}\)
Nếu x+y+z+t\(\ne\)0 thì y+z+t=z+t+x=t+x+y=x+y+z
=>x=y=z=t nên P=1+1+1+1=4
Nếu X+y+z+t=0 thì P=-4
TH1: x+y+z=0
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\y+z=-x\\z+x=-y\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{z}=\dfrac{y+z}{x}=\dfrac{x+z}{y}=-1\)
TH2:\(x+y+z\ne0\)
Áp dụng tc dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x+y}{z}=\dfrac{y+z}{x}=\dfrac{z+x}{y}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)Vậy.....
\(\text{Ta có : }\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{y}{x+z}=\dfrac{z}{y+x}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{y+z}{x}=\dfrac{x+z}{y}=\dfrac{y+x}{z}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được :
\(\dfrac{y+z}{x}=\dfrac{x+z}{y}=\dfrac{y+x}{z}\\ =\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)+\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+x\right)}{x+y+z}\\ =\dfrac{y+z+x+z+y+x}{x+y+z}\\ =\dfrac{\left(y+y\right)+\left(z+z\right)+\left(x+x\right)}{x+y+z}\\ =\dfrac{2y+2z+2x}{x+y+z}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}\\ =2\\ \)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y+z}{x}=2\\\dfrac{x+z}{y}=2\\\dfrac{y+x}{z}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{x+z}{y}+\dfrac{y+x}{z}=2+2+2=6\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{x+z}{y}+\dfrac{y+x}{z}=6\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{x+z+t}=\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\dfrac{y}{x+z+t}+1=\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}+1\)\(=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+y+t}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+z+t}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+y+z}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+y+z}\)
* Nếu \(x+y+z+t=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\)
\(y+z=-\left(t+x\right)\)
Thay vào A ta được: \(P=-1+-1=-2\)
*Nếu \(x+y+z+t\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+t=x+y+z\Rightarrow t=z\)
Làm tương tự tự ta suy ra được \(x=y=z=t\)
=> \(x+y=z+t\)
\(y+z=t+x\)
Thay vào A ta được A= 1+1=2
Vậy... tik mik nha !!!
Xét:
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\dfrac{y}{x+t+z}+1=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}+1=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+y+z}\)
+ TH1: Nếu \(x+y+z+t\ne0\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\Rightarrow P=4\)
+ TH2: Nếu \(x+y+z+t=0\Rightarrow P=-4\)
Vậy \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}P=4\\P=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-y}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y+z-x}{x}+2=\dfrac{z+x-y}{y}+2=\dfrac{x+y-z}{z}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z}{x}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{y}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+y+z}{x}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{y}\\\dfrac{x+y+z}{y}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x+y+z\right)=y\left(x+y+z\right)\\y\left(x+y+z\right)=z\left(x+y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=0\\\left(y-z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=z\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=z\\x+y+z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\circledast\) Với \(x=y=z\) thì \(A=\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
\(\circledast\) Với \(x+y+z=0\) thì\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\x+z=-y\\y+z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó \(A=\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz}=\dfrac{-xyz}{xyz}=-1\)
Theo dãy tỉ số = nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3x+3y+3z+3t}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow3x=y+z+t\) (1)
\(\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow3y=z+t+x\) (2)
\(\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow3z=t+x+y\) (3)
\(\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow3t=x+y+z\) (4)
Từ (1) và (2) => 3x + 3y = x + y + 2(z+t) => 2(x+y) = 2(z+t) => x + y = z + t (5)
Từ (2) và (3) => 3y + 3z = y + z + 2(t + x) => 2(y+z) = 2(t+x) = > y + z = t + x
Vậy P = \(\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}=4\)
Từ \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}+1=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}+1=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+y+z}\)
Vì \(x+y+z+t\ne0\) nên ta đi xét \(x+y+z+t=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z=-\left(t+x\right)\\z+t=-\left(x+y\right)\\t+x=-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\). Khi đó
\(P=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=4\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{y}{z+x}=\dfrac{z}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{y}{z+x}=\dfrac{z}{x+y}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{y+z+z+x+x+y}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2\cdot\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{y}{z+x}=\dfrac{z}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)