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\(a+b+c=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow2.\left(a+b+c\right)=a+b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(a+b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge2\sqrt{a.\frac{1}{a}}+2\sqrt{b.\frac{1}{b}}+2\sqrt{c.\frac{1}{c}}\)
\(=2+2+2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
\(P=a+b^{2019}+c^{2020}\)
\(=a+\left(b^{2019}+1.2018\right)+\left(c^{2020}+1.2019\right)-4037\)
\(\ge a+2019.\sqrt[2019]{b^{2019}.1^{2018}}+2020.\sqrt[2020]{c^{2020}.1^{2019}}-4037\)(BDT Cauchy-Schwarz)
\(=a+2019b+2020c-4037\)
Do \(a\le b\le c\)nên
\(\Rightarrow P\ge a+2019b+2020c\)
\(\ge a+\left(\frac{2017}{3}+\frac{4040}{3}\right)b+\left(\frac{2020}{3}+\frac{4040}{3}\right)c-4037\)
\(\ge a+\frac{2017}{3}a+\frac{4040}{3}b+\frac{2020}{3}a+\frac{4040}{3}c-4037\)
\(=\frac{4040}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)-4037\)
\(\ge4040-4037=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{bc}{a^2+1}=\frac{bc}{a^2+b^2+a^2+c^2}\le\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{b^2c^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{ac}{b^2+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c^2+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Sửa lại đề : CM : \(\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2}\le\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}+3\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}=1+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
Mà \(b^2+c^2\ge2bc\) nên \(\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}\le1+\frac{a^2}{2bc}\)(1)
CM tương tự ta cũng có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}\le1+\frac{c^2}{2ab}\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{c^2+a^2}\le1+\frac{b^2}{c^2+a^2}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế với vế của (1);(2);(3) tại ta được :
\(\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+a^2}\le\frac{a^2}{2bc}+\frac{c^2}{2ab}+\frac{b^2}{2ac}+3=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}+3\)
=> đpcm
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}-\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right).\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)=0\)
xét: \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}=0\left(\text{vì a+b+c khác 0}\right)\)
\(\text{ta có: }\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right).\left(a+b+c\right)-abc}{abc.\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right).\left(a+b+c\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b+a\right).\left(c+a\right).\left(c+b\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b=-a\\a=-c\\c=-b\end{cases}}\)
\(M=\left(-b^{101}+b^{101}\right).\left(-c^{2017}+c^{2017}\right).\left(b^{2019}+-b^{2019}\right)=0\)
p/s: dài nhỉ =)
1) \(21x^2+21y^2+z^2\)
\(=18\left(x^2+y^2\right)+z^2+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\ge9\left(x+y\right)^2+z^2+3.2xy\)
\(\ge2.3\left(x+y\right).z+6xy\)
\(=6\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=6.13=78\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y ; 3(x+y) = z; xy + yz + zx= 13 <=> x = y = 1; z= 6
2) \(x+y+z=3xyz\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=3\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{x}=a;\frac{1}{y}=b;\frac{1}{z}=c\)=> ab + bc + ca = 3
Ta cần chứng minh: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2\ge6\)
Ta có: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2=\left(a^2+c^2\right)+2\left(a^2+c^2\right)+b^2\)
\(\ge2ac+\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2\ge2ac+2\left(a+c\right).b=2\left(ac+ab+bc\right)=6\)
Vậy: \(\frac{3}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{3}{z^2}\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = c = \(\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\); \(b=2\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\)
khi đó: \(x=z=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}};y=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}}\)
Câu 1: \(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}-4x-\frac{4}{x}+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)-4\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+6=0\)
\(\text{Đặt a = }x+\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2=x^2+2.x.\frac{1}{x}+\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^2=x^2+2+\frac{1}{x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=a^2-2\)
Thay vào phương trình ta có:
\(\left(a^2-2\right)-4a+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2-4a+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4a+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}-2=0\)\(ĐKXĐ:x\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2+1-2x}{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy x=1
đặt \(A=\frac{1}{1-ab}+\frac{1}{1-bc}+\frac{1}{1-ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow A-3=P=\frac{ab}{1-ab}+\frac{bc}{1-bc}+\frac{ca}{1-ca}\)
áp dụng BĐT cô-si ta có:
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab;b^2+c^2\ge2bc;c^2+a^2\ge2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge ab;\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}\ge bc;\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}\ge ca\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\le1-ab;1-\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}\le1-bc;1-\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}\le1-ca\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{2ab}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{2bc}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{2ca}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarts ta có:
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
\(\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\)
\(\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{c^2+a^2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.3=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+3\le\frac{3}{2}+3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{9}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương: \(\frac{1}{ab-1}+\frac{1}{bc-1}+\frac{1}{ca-1}\ge\frac{-9}{2}\)
Theo bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức, ta được: \(\frac{1}{ab-1}+\frac{1}{bc-1}+\frac{1}{ca-1}\ge\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca-3}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2-3}=\frac{9}{1-3}=\frac{-9}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)