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Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^4\)
\(=\left(a+2\sqrt{ab}+b\right)^2+\left(a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\right)^2\)
\(=a^2+4ab+b^2+4a\sqrt{ab}+4b\sqrt{ab}+2ab+a^2+b^2-4a\sqrt{ab}-4b\sqrt{ab}+2ab\)
\(=2\left(a^2+b^2+6ab\right).\)(1)
Mà \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4\le\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^4\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+b^2+6ab\right).\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+c^2+6ac\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+d^2+6ad\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2\le2\left(b^2+c^2+6bc\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(b^2+d^2+6bd\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(c^2+d^2+6cd\right)\)
Suy ra :
\(A\le6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bc+2bd+2cd\right)\)
\(=6\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\le6.1^2=6\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của \(A=6\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}=\sqrt{c}=\sqrt{d}\\a+b+c+d=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{4}.\)
a) \(a\ne0;a\ne1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left[\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{3a+\left(a-1\right)^2}-\frac{1-2a^2+4a}{a^3-1}+\frac{1}{a-1}\right]:\frac{a^3+4a}{4a^2}\)
\(=\left[\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a^2+a+1}-\frac{1-2a^2+4a}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}+\frac{1}{a-1}\right]\cdot\frac{4a^2}{a\left(a^2+4\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^3-1+2a^2-4a+a^2+a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\)
\(=\frac{a^3-1}{a^3-1}\cdot\frac{4a}{a^2+4}=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\)
Vậy \(M=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\left(a\ne0;a\ne1\right)\)
b) \(M=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\left(a\ne0;a\ne1\right)\)
M>0 khi 4a>0 => a>0
Kết hợp với ĐKXĐ
Vậy M>0 khi a>0 và a\(\ne\)1
c) \(M=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}\left(a\ne0;a\ne1\right)\)
\(M=\frac{4a}{a^2+4}=\frac{\left(a^2+4\right)-\left(a^2-4a+4\right)}{a^2+4}=1-\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2+4}\)
Vì \(\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2+4}\ge0\forall a\)nên \(1-\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2+4}\le1\forall a\)
Dấu "=" <=> \(\frac{\left(a-2\right)^2}{a^2+4}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
Vậy \(Max_M=1\)khi a=2
bai 1
a) \(\left|x+\dfrac{4}{15}\right|-\left|-3,75\right|=-\left|2,15\right|\)
\(\left|x+\dfrac{4}{15}\right|-3,75=-2,,15\)
\(\left|x+\dfrac{4}{15}\right|=-2,15+3,75=1,6\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{4}{15}=1,6\\x+\dfrac{4}{15}=-1,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\x=-\dfrac{28}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ....
b) \(\left|\dfrac{5}{3}x\right|=\left|-\dfrac{1}{6}\right|\)
\(\left|\dfrac{5}{3}x\right|=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{3}x=-\dfrac{1}{6}\\\dfrac{5}{3}x=\dfrac{1}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\x=\dfrac{1}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left|\dfrac{3}{4}x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right|-\dfrac{3}{4}=\left|-\dfrac{3}{4}\right|\)
\(\left|\dfrac{3}{4}x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right|-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\left|\dfrac{3}{4}x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right|=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{4}x-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{4}x-\dfrac{3}{4}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
bai 2
a) \(\left|\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+x\right|=\dfrac{1}{4}-\left|y\right|\)
\(\left|\dfrac{1}{6}+x\right|=\dfrac{1}{4}-\left|y\right|\) (*)
với mọi x ta luôn có \(\left|\dfrac{1}{6}+x\right|\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}-\left|y\right|\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|y\right|\le\dfrac{1}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}-\left|y\right|=\left|\dfrac{1}{4}-y\right|\)
Nên từ * \(\Rightarrow\left|\dfrac{1}{6}+x\right|=\left|\dfrac{1}{4}-y\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\dfrac{1}{6}+x\right|-\left|\dfrac{1}{4}-y\right|=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{6}+x=0\\\dfrac{1}{4}-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{6}\\y=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left|x-y\right|+\left|y+25\right|=0\)
với mọi x, y tao luôn có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-y\right|\ge0\\\left|y+25\right|\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
mà \(\left|x-y\right|+\left|y+25\right|=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-y\right|=0\\\left|y+25\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=-25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-25\\y=-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
*) \(MinA\) :
Ta thấy: a,b,c đều là các số thực không âm.
Do đó : \(A\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,c=1\) và các hoán vị.
\(*)MaxA\) :
Giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\) \(\Rightarrow3a\ge a+b+c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow1-3a\le0\)
Ta có : \(A=a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)+3abc-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3abc\)
\(=ab+bc+ca-3abc\)
\(=a\left(b+c\right)+bc\left(1-3a\right)\) \(\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4}+0\) ( do \(1-3a\le0\) ) \(=\frac{1}{4}\)
hay \(A\le\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2},c=0\) và các hoán vị.
\(\)
3
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow\text{Đ}PCM\)
2b)
Ta có: \(x^2+y^2-4x-2y+5=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-4x-2y+4+1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-2\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=1\end{cases}}}\)
c) \(x^4-11x^2+4x-21=0\Leftrightarrow x^4-10x^2+25-x^2+4x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5\right)^2-\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-5+2\right)\left(x^2+x-5-2\right)=0\)
đến đây tự làm