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4x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 - 4xy + 2yz - 4xz - 6y - 10z + 34 = 0
<=> [ ( 4x2 - 4xy + y2 ) - 4xz + 2yz + z2 ] + ( y2 - 6y + 9 ) + ( z2 - 10z + 25 ) = 0
<=> [ ( 2x - y )2 - 2( 2x - y )z + z2 ] + ( y - 3 )2 + ( z - 5 )2 = 0
<=> ( 2x - y - z )2 + ( y - 3 )2 + ( z - 5 )2 = 0
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x-y-z\right)^2\\\left(y-3\right)^2\\\left(z-5\right)^2\end{cases}}\ge0\forall x,y,z\Rightarrow\left(2x-y-z\right)+\left(y-3\right)^2+\left(z-5\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-y-z=0\\y-3=0\\z-5=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=3\\z=5\end{cases}}\)
Thế vào S ta được :
S = ( x - 4 )2020 + ( y - 3 )2020 + ( z - 5 )2020
= ( 4 - 4 )2020 + ( 3 - 3 )2020 + ( 5 - 5 )2020
= 0 + 0 + 0
= 0
1) \(E^2=\frac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{x^2+2xy+y^2}=\frac{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)-4xy}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4xy}=\frac{5xy-4xy}{5xy+4xy}=\frac{xy}{9xy}=\frac{1}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow E=\frac{1}{3}\)(vì x>y>0)
2) Ta có \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=1-z\)
Lại có : \(1=\left(x+y+z\right)^2=1+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\Rightarrow2xy+2yz+2xz=0\Rightarrow2xy=-2z\left(x+y\right)=-2z\left(1-z\right)\)Thay vào \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\) được :
\(\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy+z^2=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-z\right)^2-2z\left(1-z\right)+z^2=1\Leftrightarrow4z^2-4z=0\Leftrightarrow z\left(z-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}z=0\\z=1\end{cases}}\)
Với z = 0 => x + y = 1 và x2+y2 = 1 => x = 0 , y = 1 hoặc x = 1 , y =0
=> A = 1
Tương tự với z = 1 , ta cũng có x = 0 , y = 0 => A = 1
Bài 2. a/ \(1\le a,b,c\le3\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right).\left(a-3\right)\le0\) , \(\left(b-1\right)\left(b-3\right)\le0\), \(\left(c-1\right).\left(c-3\right)\le0\)
Cộng theo vế : \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le4a+4b+4c-9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+9}{4}=7\)
Vậy min E = 7 tại chẳng hạn, x = y = 3, z = 1
b/ Ta có : \(x+2y+z=\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Tương tự : \(y+2z+x\ge2\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\) , \(z+2y+x\ge2\sqrt{\left(z+y\right)\left(y+x\right)}\)
Nhân theo vế : \(\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(y+2z+x\right)\left(z+2y+x\right)\ge8\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\) hay
\(\left(x+2y+z\right)\left(y+2z+x\right)\left(z+2y+x\right)\ge64\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right):\left(\frac{1}{x+y+z}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}.(x+y+z)=1\Leftrightarrow (xy+yz+xz)(x+y+z)=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+xz(x+z)+2xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy(x+y+z)+yz(y+z+x)+xz(x+z)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y(x+y+z)(x+z)+xz(x+z)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+z)[y(x+y+z)+xz]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+z)(y+x)(y+z)=0\)
Do đó:
\(B=(x+y)(x^{20}+....+y^{20})(y+z)(y^{10}+...+z^{10})(z+x)(z^{2016}+x^{2016})\)
\(=(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)(x^{20}+..+y^{20})(y^{10}+..+z^{10})(z^{2016}+x^{2016})=0\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right):\left(\frac{1}{x+y+z}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}.(x+y+z)=1\Leftrightarrow (xy+yz+xz)(x+y+z)=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+xz(x+z)+2xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy(x+y+z)+yz(y+z+x)+xz(x+z)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y(x+y+z)(x+z)+xz(x+z)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+z)[y(x+y+z)+xz]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+z)(y+x)(y+z)=0\)
Do đó:
\(B=(x+y)(x^{20}+....+y^{20})(y+z)(y^{10}+...+z^{10})(z+x)(z^{2016}+x^{2016})\)
\(=(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)(x^{20}+..+y^{20})(y^{10}+..+z^{10})(z^{2016}+x^{2016})=0\)
2.
a/ Áp dụgn hệ quả bđt cô si,ta có :
\(A=xy+yz+zx\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)}{3}=\dfrac{a^2}{3}\)
Vậy GTLN A =a^2/3 khi x= y =z =a/3
b/Áp dụng BĐT Cô-Si dạng Engel,ta có :
\(B=\dfrac{x^2}{1}+\dfrac{y^2}{1}+\dfrac{z^2}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{a^2}{3}\)
Vậy GTNN của B = a^2/2 khi x=y=z =a/3
\(B=\dfrac{3x}{1-x}+\dfrac{4\left(1-x\right)}{x}+7\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3x}{1-x}.\dfrac{4\left(1-x\right)}{x}}+7=7+4\sqrt{3}=\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2\)
Vậy min B = \(\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2\) khi \(\dfrac{3x}{1-x}=\dfrac{4\left(1-x\right)}{x}\Leftrightarrow x=\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2\)
Lời giải:
HPT \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{z}=-\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\\ \frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}\\ \frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2}{xy}-\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow -\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)=4>0\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}< 0\) (vô lý)
Do đó không tồn tại $x,y,z$ kéo theo không tồn tại giá trị của P
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\ge2+2+2=6\)(BDT cô-si)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=y=z=1 rồi thay vào tính dc P=3
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}-2\right)+\left(y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}-2\right)+\left(z^2+\frac{1}{z^2}-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{1}{y}\right)^2+\left(z-\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{x}=0\\y-\frac{1}{y}=0\\z-\frac{1}{z}=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2=1\\y^2=1\\z^2=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\pm1\\y=\pm1\\z=\pm1\end{cases}}\)
=> \(P=x^{28}+y^{10}+z^{2017}=1+1+z^{2017}=2+z^{2017}\)
Với \(z=-1\Rightarrow P=1+1-1=1\)
Với \(z=1\Rightarrow P=1+1+1=3\)
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-b-c\\x=-y-z\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào \(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-b-c}{-y-z}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2byz+2cyz+bz^2+cy^2=0\)
Ta cần chứng minh
\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(-b-c\right)\left(-y-z\right)^2+by^2+cz^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2byz+2cyz+bz^2+cy^2=0\) (đúng)
Vậy ...
Bài 32:
a) P= \(\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+4}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(1+\sqrt{2}\)
b) Có: \(x^2-2y^2=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2-y^2-xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-y\left(y+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x-2y=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-y\\x=2y\end{cases}}}\)
Thay x=-y ta có: Q=\(\frac{-y-y}{-y+y}\)=\(\frac{-2y}{0}\)(loại )
Thay x=2y ta có : Q=\(\frac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\frac{y}{3y}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2y+1=0\\y^2+2z+1=0\\z^2+2x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2y+1+y^2+2z+1+z^2+2x+1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+\left(z+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=-1\)(do \(\left(x+1\right)^2,\left(y+1\right)^2,\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\))
a) \(A=x^{2020}+y^{2020}+z^{2020}=\left(-1\right)^{2020}+\left(-1\right)^{2020}+\left(-1\right)^{2020}=1+1+1=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{1}{x^{2020}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2020}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2020}}=\dfrac{1}{\left(-1\right)^{2020}}+\dfrac{1}{\left(-1\right)^{2020}}+\dfrac{1}{\left(-1\right)^{2020}}=\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{1}=3\)