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CM BĐT : \(\frac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\right)\)
ÁP dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{16}4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{16}\cdot4\cdot4=1\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi a = b= c = 3/4
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
Từ \(ab+bc+ca=5abc\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=5\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki ta có :
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+a+b+b+c\right)\ge\left(1+1+1+1+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{25}{2a+2b+c}\)
Tương tự ta có :
\(\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{25}{2b+2c+a}\)
\(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\ge\frac{25}{2a+b+2c}\)
Cộng từng vế BĐT ta thu được :
\(\frac{5}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+\frac{5}{c}\ge25P\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{5\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}{25}=1\)
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{5}\)
\(\frac{3}{a+2b}=\frac{3}{a+b+b}\le\frac{3}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{3}{b+2c}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\right)\) ; \(\frac{3}{c+2a}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(3\left(\frac{1}{a+2b}+\frac{1}{b+2c}+\frac{1}{c+2a}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
3.
\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(4a^2+4ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(2a+b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}\ge2a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c};\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
a/ Đề sai, đề đúng phải là \(p=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{2+a^2b}+\frac{2}{2+b^2c}+\frac{2}{2+c^2a}\ge2\)
\(VT=1-\frac{a^2b}{1+1+a^2b}+1-\frac{b^2c}{1+1+b^2c}+1-\frac{c^2a}{1+1+c^2a}\)
\(VT\ge3-\left(\frac{a^2b}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b}}+\frac{b^2c}{3\sqrt[3]{b^2c}}+\frac{c^2a}{3\sqrt[3]{c^2a}}\right)\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{1}{9}\left(3\sqrt[3]{a^2.ab.ab}+3\sqrt[3]{b^2.bc.bc}+3\sqrt[3]{c^2.ca.ca}\right)\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{1}{9}\left(a^2+2ab+b^2+2bc+c^2+2ca\right)\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
a) Dùng (a+b)2≥4ab
Chia hai vế cho a+b ( vì ab khác 0)
Ta có a+b≥\(\frac{4ab}{a+b}\) (Chuyển ab sang a+b) ta có
\(\frac{a+b}{ab}\)≥\(\frac{4}{a+b}\) <=> \(\frac{1}{a}\)+\(\frac{1}{b}\)≥\(\frac{4}{a+b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT sau: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\). Lại có \(\frac{1}{b+c}\le\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{4c}\right);\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{2c}\right)\)
Cộng 3 BĐT trên theo vế, ta được:
\(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Thay \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=4\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le1\)(đpcm).
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}.\)