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gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
3.
\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(4a^2+4ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(2a+b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}\ge2a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c};\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
2a)với a,b,c là các số thực ta có
\(a^2-ab+b^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\left|a+b\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|b+c\right|\)
tương tự \(\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left|a+c\right|\)
cộng từng vế mỗi BĐT ta được \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=a+b+c\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c
1. Áp dụng Min - cốp - ski, ta được: \(\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+c^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+a^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+b^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{3}{b+c}+\frac{3}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{27}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)(Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức)
Đặt \(t=a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)thì ta cần chứng minh: \(\sqrt{\frac{729}{4t^2}+t^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{729}{4t^2}+t^2\ge\frac{117}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t+3\right)\left(t-3\right)\left(2t+9\right)\left(2t-9\right)}{4t^2}\ge0\)*đúng bởi \(t-3\le0;t+3>0;2t+9>0;2t-9< 0;4t^2>0\)*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi t = 3 hay a = b = c = 1
2. Ta có: \(\frac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-3=\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2\left(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2\right)}{x^2y^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\ge3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{16}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{65}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\frac{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}+\frac{65}{2^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{97}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
Áp dụng bđt Holder, ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}}\right).\left(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}}\right)\left[a^2b^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+b^2c^2\left(b^2+c^2\right)+c^2a^2\left(c^2+a^2\right)\right]\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^3=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{8}\)
=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{8}.\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{a^2b^4+a^4b^2+b^2c^4+b^4c^2+c^2a^4+c^4a^2}\)
Đặt a2=x, b2=y, c2=z
=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{8}.\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2}\)(1)
Theo bđt Schur, ta có:
\(x\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)+y\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)+z\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\ge0\)
<=>\(x^3+y^3+z^3+3xyz\ge x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\)
<=>\(x^3+y^3+z^3+6xyz+3\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)\ge4.\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)+3xyz\)
Vì \(xyz=\left(abc\right)^2\ge0\)
=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3\ge4\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)\)
=>\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2}\ge4\)
Thay vào (1)=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{2}=>VT\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
=>ĐPCM
a,b,c>=0 mới được nhé
Đặt biểu thức là A
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}{a^2+b^2}>=\frac{\sqrt{2abab}}{a^2}=\frac{\sqrt{2}ab}{a^2+b^2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi có một trong 2 số a,b =0 hoặc a=b.
Tương tự=> A>=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}ca}{a^2+c^2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}A>=\frac{2ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{2bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{2ca}{c^2+a^2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}A+3>=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{c^2+a^2}.\)
>=\(\frac{\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=4.\)
=>A>=1/căn 2
Dấu = xảy ra khi 2 số bằng nhau, một số =0
Bài 1 :
Bât đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với :
( xy+yz + zx )(9 + x2y2 +z2y2 + x2z2 ) \(\ge\)36xyz
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi ta có :
xy+ yz + zx \(\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\) ( 1)
Và 9 + x2y2 + z2y2 + x2z2 \(\ge12\sqrt[12]{x^4y^4z^4}\)
hay 9+ x2y2 + z2y2+ x2z2 \(\ge12\sqrt[3]{xyz}\) (2)
Do các vế đều dương ,từ (1) và (2) suy ra :
( xy + yz +zx )( 9+ x2y2 + z2y2 + x2z2 ) \(\ge36xyz\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = y =z = 1
Bài 2:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a;b;c>0\\ab+bc+ca=1\end{cases}}\)
Có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{1+a^2}\ge\sqrt{2a}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a\\\sqrt{1+b^2}\ge\sqrt{2b}\Rightarrow\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}b\\\sqrt{1+c^2}\ge\sqrt{2c}\Rightarrow\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\sqrt{1+a^2}+\sqrt{1+b^2}+\sqrt{1+c^2}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
=> \(\sqrt{1+a^2}+\sqrt{1+b^2}+\sqrt{1+c^2}\le\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a =b =c = \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(A=\frac{a}{\sqrt{3+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{3+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{3+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+bc+ca+ab}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ca+ab+bc}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}\cdot\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{\sqrt{b}\cdot\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\frac{\sqrt{c}\cdot\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{c+a}}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b+c}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{c+a}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{c+b}}\)
\(\le\frac{\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}}{2}+\frac{\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}}{2}+\frac{\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{b+c}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Max A = 3/2 khi a = b = c = 1. (Max not Min)
2/
a/ \(\sqrt{a}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{a}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}}=2\), dấu "=" khi \(a=1\)
b/ \(a+b+\frac{1}{2}=a+\frac{1}{4}+b+\frac{1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{a.\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{b.\frac{1}{4}}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{4}\)
c/ Có lẽ bạn viết đề nhầm, nếu đề đúng thế này thì mình ko biết làm
Còn đề như vậy: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\) thì làm như sau:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\) ; \(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\); \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{xz}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=y=z\)
d/ \(\frac{\sqrt{3}+2}{\sqrt{3}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}-2}{\sqrt{3}+2}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{7+4\sqrt{3}}{3-4}-\frac{7-4\sqrt{3}}{3-4}=-7-4\sqrt{3}+7-4\sqrt{3}=-8\sqrt{3}\)
e/ \(\frac{a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{ab}}:\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^3+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^3}{\sqrt{ab}}.\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\frac{a^2-b^2}{\sqrt{ab}}-\left(a-b\right)\) (bạn chép đề sai)
Đề sai bị ngược dấu
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