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Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}\ge3\)
b/ \(VT=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\ge\frac{8.3}{9}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(0\le a,b,c\le1\Rightarrow b\ge b^2;c\ge c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b^2+c^3\le a+b+c\)
\(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-b-a+ab\right)\left(1-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca-abc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-ab-bc-ca\le1-abc\le1\)
=> đpcm
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab^2c}{ac}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
a) Đơn giản, tự chứng minh
b) Cách 1: Áp dụng BĐT câu a: \(VT\ge\left(a^2+ab-b^2\right)+\left(b^2+bc-c^2\right)+\left(c^2+ca-a^2\right)=ab+bc+ca=VP\)(đpcm)
Cách 2:
Ta chứng minh BĐT chặt hơn: \(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\) (vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\))
Giả sử \(b=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\).Bằng phương pháp B-W (Buffalo way) ta phân tích được:
\(VT-VP=\frac{\left(4a^2c+4abc-b^3+3b^2c-bc^2\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)\left(a+b-2c\right)^2}{4abc}\ge0\)
P/s: Cách 2 tuy dài nhưng rất hay vì đây là phân tích bằng tay (không cần dùng phần mềm)!
1)Áp dụng Bđt Am-Gm \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{a}}=2\)
2)Áp dụng Am-Gm \(a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab;b^2+c^2\ge2bc;a^2+c^2\ge2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
=>ĐPcm
3)(a+b+c)2\(\ge\)3(ab+bc+ca)
=>a2+b2+c2+2ab+2bc+2ca\(\ge\)3ab+3bc+3ca
=>a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca\(\ge\)0
=>2a2+2b2+2c2-2ab-2bc-2ca\(\ge\)0
=>(a2-2ab+b2)+(b2-2bc+c2)+(c2-2ac+a2)\(\ge\)0
=>(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2\(\ge\)0
4)đề đúng \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
e)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM
Lời giải:
a)
Xét hiệu \(\frac{a^3}{b}-(a^2+ab-b^2)=(\frac{a^3}{b}-a^2)-(ab-b^2)\)
\(=\frac{a^3-a^2b}{b}-b(a-b)=\frac{a^2(a-b)}{b}-b(a-b)=(a-b)\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-b\right)\)
\(=(a-b).\frac{a^2-b^2}{b}=\frac{(a-b)^2(a+b)}{b}\geq 0, \forall a,b>0\)
Do đó \(\frac{a^3}{b}\geq a^2+ab-b^2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b$
b)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương:
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\geq 2a^2\)
\(\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\geq 2b^2\)
\(\frac{c^3}{a}+ac\geq 2c^2\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\geq 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-(ab+bc+ac)\)
Mà cũng theo BĐT Cauchy:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}\geq \frac{2ab}{2}+\frac{2bc}{2}+\frac{2ca}{2}=ab+bc+ca\)
\( \Rightarrow \frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\geq 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-(ab+bc+ac)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)-(ab+bc+ac)=ab+bc+ac\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$