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Ta có : a\(1+b^2)=a-(ab^2/(1+b^2))>=a-(ab^2/2b)=...
Tương tự ta có:b/(1+c^2)>=b-bc/2
c/(1+a^2)>=c-ac/2
Cộng vế với vế ta có A>=(a+b+c)-(ab+bc+ca)/2
Mà 3(ab+bc+ca)<=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca
<=>3(ab+bc+ca)<=(a+b+c)^2
<=>-(ab+bc+ca)>=-(a+b+c)^2/3
Thay vào ta có: A>=(a+b+c)-(a+b+c)^2/6=3/2
Dấu = xảy ra<=>a=b=c=1/3
\(P=\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{9-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{3ab}+\frac{1}{3bc}+\frac{1}{3ca}+\frac{1}{9-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(P\ge\frac{16}{3ab+3bc+3ca+9-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\right)\)
\(P\ge\frac{16}{9+ab+bc+ca}+\frac{6}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Sử dụng đánh giá quen thuộc:\(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{16}{9+3}+\frac{6}{3}=2+\frac{4}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\)
"="<=>a=b=c=1
Bài 1: Ta có \(\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-a+b\right)+b^2=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\) (áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cosi)
\(=\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b}-a+2b\ge\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^2}{c}-b+2c\ge\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{c^2}{a}-c+2a\ge\sqrt{c^2-ac+a^2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+c\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1) và (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ac+a^2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
Ta có : \(ab+bc+ca=2abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=2\\P=\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^3}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{2-x}{8}+\frac{2-x}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{64}}=\frac{3x}{4}\)
Tương tự ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{2-y}{8}+\frac{2-y}{8}\ge\frac{3y}{4}\\\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}+\frac{2-z}{8}+\frac{2-z}{8}\ge\frac{3z}{8}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{12-2\left(x+y+z\right)}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{12}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
Ta có : \(ab+bc+ca=2abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=2\\P=\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^3}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z^2\right)}\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{2-x}{8}+\frac{2-x}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{64}}=\frac{3x}{4}\)
Tương tự ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{2-y}{8}+\frac{2-y}{8}\ge\frac{3y}{4}\\\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}+\frac{2-z}{8}+\frac{2-z}{8}\ge\frac{3z}{8}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{12-2\left(x+y+z\right)}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
2. \(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+\frac{2}{a}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{2}{b}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{2}{c}}\ge1\)
Đặt\(\frac{2}{a}=x;\frac{2}{b}=y;\frac{2}{c}=z\)thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\xyz=8\end{cases}}\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge1\Leftrightarrow\left(yz+y+z+1\right)+\left(zx+z+x+1\right)+\left(xy+x+y+1\right)\ge xyz+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge6\)(Đúng vì \(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=6\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 2 hay a = b = c = 1
3. Ta có: \(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\)
Ta có đánh giá quen thuộc \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Từ đó suy ra \(ab+bc+ca\le1\)
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{a^2+1}}{b+c}+\frac{\sqrt{b^2+1}}{c+a}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+1}}{a+b}\ge\frac{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}{b+c}+\frac{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}{c+a}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}{a+b}\)\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{b+c}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}{c+a}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}{a+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=3\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Theo Svac - xơ có :
\(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\ge\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)+\frac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\frac{7}{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{21}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{30}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{10}{3}\)
Dấu "=: xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\frac{10}{3}\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)