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Vì \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}.bd< \frac{c}{d}.bd\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Rightarrow2002ad< 2002bc\)
\(\Rightarrow2002ad+cd< 2002bc+cd\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2002a+c\right).d< \left(2002b+d\right).c\)
Chia cả hai vế cho \(\left(2002b+d\right).d\) ta có :
\(\frac{2002a+c}{2002b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Vậy...
Vì \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Rightarrow2002ad< 2002bc\)
\(\Rightarrow2002ad+cd< 2002bc+cd\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2002a+c\right)d< \left(2002b+d\right)c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2002a+c}{2002b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
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Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a.\left(b+d\right)}{b.\left(b+d\right)}=\dfrac{ab+bd}{b^2+bd}\)
\(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+d\right)}=\dfrac{ab+bc}{b^2+bd}\)
Ta so sánh :
\(\dfrac{ab+bd}{b^2+bd}\) và \(\dfrac{ab+bc}{b^2+bd}\)
Vì cùng mẫu nên ta chỉ so sánh :
\(ab+bd\) và \(ab+bc\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Ta tiếp tục so sánh :
\(bd\) và bc thì ta có : bd < bc (1)
Từ 1, suy ra :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
Suy ra : \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) (đpcm)
Giải
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{20^2}< \dfrac{1}{19.20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)D < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19.20}\)
Nhận xét: \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}=1-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2.3}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{1}{3.4}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4};...;\dfrac{1}{19.20}=\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) D< 1- \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}\)
D< 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{20}\)
D< \(\dfrac{19}{20}\)<1
\(\Rightarrow\)D< 1
Vậy D=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^2}\)<1
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2.1}+\dfrac{1}{2^2.2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2.2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2.2^2}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{50.50}\right)\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{50.50}< \dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\right)\)Nhận xét :
\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2.3}< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3};...;\dfrac{1}{49.50}< \dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
A<\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
A<\(\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{49}{50}\)<1
A<\(\dfrac{49}{200}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a+d}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}< \dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{c+a}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{d}{a+c+d}< \dfrac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên ta có:
\(P< \dfrac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{c+a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{b+c+d}>\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{d}{a+c+d}>\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên có:
\(P>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\left(2\right)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\) ta thu được ĐPCM