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Câu hỏi của Phạm Vũ Trí Dũng - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến
1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
\(\frac{\sqrt{b^2+2a^2}}{ab}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}+\frac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ca}\ge\sqrt{3}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có ab+bc+ca=abc nên \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2}{b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{2}{c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{a^2}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Trong mặt phẳng với hệ tọa độ Oxy, với các Vecto
\(\overrightarrow{u}=\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{\sqrt{2}}{b}\right);\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|=\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2}{b^2}}\)
\(\overrightarrow{v}=\left(\frac{1}{b};\frac{\sqrt{2}}{c}\right)\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{v}\right|=\sqrt{\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{2}{c^2}}\)
\(\overrightarrow{w}=\left(\frac{1}{c};\frac{\sqrt{2}}{a}\right)\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{w}\right|=\sqrt{\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{a^2}}\)
Ta có \(\overrightarrow{u}+\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c};2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\right)=\left(1;\sqrt{2}\right)\)
=> \(\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{v}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{w}\right|=\sqrt{1+2}=\sqrt{3}\)
Mặt khác \(\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{v}\right|+\left|\overrightarrow{w}\right|\ge\left|\overrightarrow{u}+\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{b^2+2a^2}}{ab}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}+\frac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Làm bài này một hồi chắc bay não:v
Bài 1:
a) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(VT\le\frac{a+b}{4}+\frac{b+c}{4}+\frac{c+a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c.
b)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
a) Dấu = bài này không xảy ra ? Nếu đúng như vầy thì em xin một slot, ăn cơm xong đi ngủ rồi dậy làm:v
b) Theo BĐT Bunhicopxki:
\(VT^2\le3.\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]=6\Rightarrow VT\le\sqrt{6}\left(qed\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy r akhi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 3: Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và bđt AM-GM, ta có:
\(VT\ge\frac{4}{2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\ge\frac{4}{2-2xy}=\frac{2}{1-xy}\)
Đặt \(\left(a,b,c\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y},\frac{y}{z},\frac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}+\frac{x}{y}+2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{xy+xz+2yz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}\right)\)\(\le\frac{3}{4}\left[\Sigma_{cyc}yz\left(\frac{1}{xy+yz}+\frac{1}{xz+yz}\right)\right]=\frac{9}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Bài 1: Bổ đề: \(x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{4a^2+2ab+4b^2}+\sqrt{4b^2+2bc+4c^2}+\sqrt{4c^2+2ca+4a^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a+b\right)^2}+\sqrt{3\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(b+c\right)^2}+\sqrt{3\left(c^2+a^2\right)+\left(c+a\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}\left(c+a\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}+\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}\left(c+a\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{2}}+\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]\)\(=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}.2\left(a+b+c\right)=\sqrt{5}.2020\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2020}{3}\)
1.
\(P=\frac{a^4}{abc}+\frac{b^4}{abc}+\frac{c^4}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
\(P=\sum\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4.\frac{3}{8}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=d\)
1. ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}=t\ge\sqrt{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2=8x+9+4\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=\frac{t^2-9}{4}\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(\frac{t^2-9}{4}+3=t\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-4t+3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\left(l\right)\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=t^2-\left(8x+9\right)=-8x\) (\(x\le0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+9x+2=4x^2\Rightarrow x=-\frac{2}{9}\)
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\Rightarrow3\ge a+b+c\)
Do \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\)
Nên BĐT sẽ được chứng minh nếu ta chỉ ra rằng:
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a}+a^2\ge3a\) ; \(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}+b^2\ge3b\) ; \(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{c}+c^2\ge3c\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\ge ab+bc+ca\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
\(P=\sqrt{x^2+2y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+2z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+2x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(3x+3y+3z\right)\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\) hay \(a=b=c=3\)