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Chú ý rằng nếu \(x+y+z=0\) thì \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz.\).
Nếu vậy : \(x+y+z=0\) \(\Rightarrow z=-\left(x+y\right).\)
Do đó : \(x^3+y^3+z^3=x^3+y^3-\left(x+y\right)^3=-3x^2y-3xy^2=-3xy\left(x+y\right)=3xyz\)
Từ đây có thể suy ra :
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz\right)\)
Áp dụng nhận xét trên,ta có :
Nếu \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\) thì \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=3.\frac{1}{a}.\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{c}=\frac{3}{abc}.\)
Do đó : \(N=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}+\frac{abc}{c^3}\)
\(=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)=abc.\frac{3}{abc}=3\) với \(a,b,c\ne0\).
a² + b² + c² + d² + e² ≥ a(b + c + d + e)
Ta có: a² + b² + c² + d² + e²
= (a²/4 + b²) + (a²/4 + c²) + (a²/4 + d²) + (a²/4 + e²)
Lại có: (a/2 - b)² ≥ 0 <=> a²/4 - ab + b² ≥ 0 <=> a²/4 + b² ≥ ab
Tương tự ta có:
. a²/4 + c² ≥ ac
. a²/4 + d² ≥ ad
. a²/4 + e² ≥ ae
--> (a²/4 + b²) + (a²/4 + c²) + (a²/4 + d²) + (a²/4 + e²) ≥ ab + ac + ad + ae
<=> a² + b² + c² + d² + e² ≥ a(b + c + d + e) --> đ.p.c.m
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a/2 = b = c = d = e
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{3}{a^2b}+\frac{3}{ab^2}+\frac{1}{b^3}=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-\frac{3}{a^2b}-\frac{3}{ab^2}=-\frac{3}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)=\frac{3}{abc}.abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}=3\)
a, \(M=\frac{a}{ab+a+2}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{2c}{ca+2c+2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{b+1+bc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{1+bc+b}\)
\(=\frac{1+b+bc}{1+b+bc}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
=>\(\frac{1}{a}=-\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
=>\(\frac{1}{a^2}=-\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\)
cm tương tự: \(\frac{1}{b^2}=-\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2}=-\left(\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\)
=> \(N=-\left[bc\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)+ca\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)+ab\left(\frac{1}{ca}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\right]\)
\(=-\left[\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}\right]\)
\(=-\left[\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}\right]\) (1)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
=>\(\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}=0\)
=>\(1+\frac{b+c}{a}+1+\frac{a+c}{b}+1+\frac{a+b}{c}=0\)
=>\(\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}=-3\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) =>N=3
Từ giả thiết suy ra \(\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{b+c}{bc}=\frac{c+a}{ca}\)(vì a,b,c khác 0)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bcx+acy+abz}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow bcx+acy+abz=0\)
Lại có:\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{x^2}+\frac{b^2}{y^2}+\frac{c^2}{z^2}+2.\frac{bcx+acy+abz}{xyz}=4\)(bình phương hai vế)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{x^2}+\frac{b^2}{y^2}+\frac{c^2}{z^2}=4\)(Vì \(bcx+acy+abz=0\))
Từ (1) \(\Rightarrow bcx+acy+abz=0\)
Gọi \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{ab}{xy}+\frac{ac}{xz}+\frac{bc}{yz}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=4-\left(\frac{abz+acy+bcx}{xyz}\right)\)
\(=4\)
\(b,\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2-b^2}\)
Từ \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\Rightarrow a^2+b^2-c^2=-2ab\)
Tương tự \(b^2+c^2-a^2=-2bc\)và \(c^2+a^2-b^2=-2ac\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{-2ab}+\frac{bc}{-2bc}+\frac{ca}{-2ca}=\frac{1}{-2}+\frac{1}{-2}+\frac{1}{-2}\)
\(=-\frac{3}{2}\)
dễ mà
\(A=\frac{abc}{c^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}+\frac{abc}{a^3}\)
\(A=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\)
ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\)
ta có
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3+\frac{1}{c^3}-\frac{3}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{ab}-\frac{1}{ac}-\frac{1}{bc}\right)+\frac{3}{abc}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(A=abc.\frac{3}{abc}=3\)
từ giả thiết ta có
\(\frac{1}{bc-a^2}=\frac{1}{b^2-ca}+\frac{1}{c^2-ab}=\frac{c^2-ab+b^2-ca}{\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(c^2-ab\right)}\)
Nhân hai vế với \(\frac{a}{bc-a^2}\) ta có:
\(\frac{a}{\left(bc-a^2\right)^2}=\frac{ac^2-a^2b+ab^2-ca^2}{\left(bc-a^2\right)\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(c^2-ab\right)}\)
làm tương tự với hai số hạng còn lại ta được:
\(\frac{b}{\left(ca-b^2\right)^2}=\frac{bc^2-ab^2+a^2b-b^2c}{\left(bc-a^2\right)\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(c^2-ab\right)}\);\(\frac{c}{\left(ab-c^2\right)^2}=\frac{b^2c-c^2a+a^2c-bc^2}{\left(bc-a^2\right)\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(c^2-ab\right)}\)
cộng ba vế của đẳng thức trên ta được kq là 0 
cách kia dài quá
Đặt \(x=bc-a^2;y=ac-b^2;z=ab-c^2\)
Suy ra cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\) thì \(\frac{a}{x^2}+\frac{b}{y^2}+\frac{c}{z^2}=0\)
Xét \(T=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\left(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}\right)\).....
Vì \(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{a+c}=\frac{c}{a+b}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{\left(b+c\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(a+b\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow b+c=2a;a+c=2b;a+b=2c\)
Bằng cách rút \(b\) từ đẳng thức thứ nhất thay vào đẳng thức thứ hai ta đễ dàng suy ra được \(a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}=2+2+2=6\)
cáh khác nè:từ
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}=\frac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{b+c}{bc}=\frac{c+a}{ca}=\frac{a}{ab}+\frac{b}{ab}=\frac{b}{bc}+\frac{c}{bc}=\frac{c}{ca}+\frac{a}{ca}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{aa+aa+aa}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=1\)
bạn dưới làm sai rồi
P=1 MỚI ĐÚNG
Ta có:\(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)+3abc=3abc\)(Vì a+b+c=0)
Khi đó ta có:\(N=\frac{a^2}{bc}+\frac{b^2}{ca}+\frac{c^2}{ba}=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}=\frac{3abc}{abc}=3\)
Vậy N=3
\(N=\frac{a^2}{bc}+\frac{b^2}{ac}+\frac{c^2}{ab}=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}\)
\(< =>N-1=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3-abc}{abc}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{abc}\)
Do \(a+b+c=0\)\(< =>N-1=\frac{0.\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{abc}=0\)
\(< =>N=1\)