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\(VT=\frac{b^2c^2}{b+c}+\frac{a^2c^2}{a+c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Có \(ab+bc+ac=abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\)
Áp dụng các bđt sau:Với x;y;z>0 có: \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) và \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}\right)\)\(\le\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{1}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế => \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{6}{a}+\dfrac{6}{b}+\dfrac{6}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{36}.6\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=3
Có \(a+b=2\Leftrightarrow2\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\)
\(E=\left(3a^2+2b\right)\left(3b^2+2a\right)+5a^2b+5ab^2+2ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+6\left(a^3+b^3\right)+4ab+5ab\left(a+b\right)+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+6\left(a+b\right)^3-18ab\left(a+b\right)+4ab+5ab\left(a+b\right)+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+48-18ab.2+4ab+5.2.ab+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2-2ab+48\)
Đặt \(f\left(ab\right)=9a^2b^2-2ab+48;ab\le1\), đỉnh \(I\left(\dfrac{1}{9};\dfrac{431}{9}\right)\)
Hàm đồng biến trên khoảng \(\left[\dfrac{1}{9};1\right]\backslash\left\{\dfrac{1}{9}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(ab\right)_{max}=55\Leftrightarrow ab=1\)
\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=55\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Vậy...
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{2b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{2}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{2}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{bc+ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(a+b+c+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-schwarz dạng engel ta có:
1. \(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{b+2c}+\frac{c^2}{c+2a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+2b\right)+\left(b+2c\right)+\left(c+2a\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{b+2c}=\frac{c}{c+2a}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
2. \(\frac{a^2}{2a+3b}+\frac{b^2}{2b+3c}+\frac{c^2}{2c+3a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(2a+3b\right)+\left(2b+3c\right)+\left(2c+3a\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{5}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Điều kiện a;b;c dương, đặt vế trái là P
\(P=\sum\frac{a}{a^2+c^2+2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\le\sum\frac{a}{2ac+4ab}=\frac{1}{2}\sum\frac{1}{c+2b}=\frac{1}{2}\sum\frac{1}{b+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{18}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)=\frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-Gm: ( dạng \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\))
\(VT=\sum\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\sum\dfrac{a}{2}+\sum\left[\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}\right]\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}+a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=2
Bài 1:
Biểu thức chỉ có giá trị lớn nhất, không có giá trị nhỏ nhất.
\(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}=1-\frac{1}{x+1}+1-\frac{1}{y+1}+1-\frac{1}{z+1}\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Giờ chỉ cần cho biến $x$ nhỏ vô cùng đến $0$, khi đó giá trị biểu thức trong ngoặc sẽ tiến đến dương vô cùng, khi đó P sẽ tiến đến nhỏ vô cùng, do đó không có min
Nếu chuyển tìm max thì em tìm như sau:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\geq \frac{(1+1+1)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{x+y+z+3}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Do đó: \(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\leq 3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz :
\(\frac{1}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{1}{9}\frac{9}{(a+c)+(b+c)+2b}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{a}{2}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{bc}{c+a}+\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{ac}{c+3a+2b}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ac}{c+b}+\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{b(a+c)}{a+c}+\frac{a(b+c)}{b+c}+\frac{c(a+b)}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
hay \(\text{VT}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{6}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
