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Bài 1
\(\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{b}{b+1}+\dfrac{c}{c+1}=a-\dfrac{a^2}{a+1}+b-\dfrac{b^2}{b+1}+c-\dfrac{c^2}{c+1}\)
\(=1-\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\dfrac{1}{1+3}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+1}\right)\le1-\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow GTLN=\dfrac{3}{4}\) Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Bài 2
\(P=\dfrac{a+1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b+1}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c+1}{a^2+1}=\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+c-\dfrac{a^2c}{a^2+1}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=1-\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+1-\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}+1-\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=6-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 2 số thực dương ta có \(b^2+1\ge2b\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\)
Theo hệ quả của bđt Cauchy ta có \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ac\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 2 số thực dương ta có \(a^2+1\ge2a\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{a^2}{2a}=\dfrac{a}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge6-\left(\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)=3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1 : Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{b}{b+1}+\dfrac{c}{c+1}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+c}\)
Theo BĐT CÔ - SI dưới dạng engel ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+c}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+1}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{3}+1}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Híc híc rối nùi luôn rồi , chắc sai ...
\(\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}=2\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{a+1}=1-\dfrac{1}{b+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{c+1}=\dfrac{b}{b+1}+\dfrac{c}{c+1}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)( AM-GM)
Tương tự ta có \(\dfrac{1}{b+1}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{\left(a+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\); \(\dfrac{1}{c+1}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}}\)
Nhân vế với vế các bđt trên
=> \(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge8\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{\left(a+1\right)^2\left(b+1\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^2}}=8\cdot\dfrac{abc}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\)
=> \(1\le8abc\)<=> \(abc\le\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1/2
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a+b+c\\y=ab+bc+ca\end{matrix}\right.\) khi đó \(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+4x+y+3}{x^2+2x+y+xy}\le\dfrac{12+4x+y}{9+4x+2y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+4x+y+3}{x^2+2x+y+xy}-1\le\dfrac{12+4x+y}{9+4x+2y}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+3-xy}{x^2+2x+y+xy}\le\dfrac{3-y}{9+4x+2y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5x^2-3x^2y-xy^2-6xy+24x+y^2+3y+27}{\left(4x+2y+9\right)\left(x^2+xy+2x+y\right)}\le0\)
Đúng vì \(\dfrac{5}{3}x^2y\ge5x^2;\dfrac{x^2y}{3}\ge y^2;xy^2\ge9x;5xy\ge15x;xy\ge3y;x^2y\ge27\)
Lời giải:
\(a+b+c=abc\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)=a^2bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)+bc=bc(a^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(a+c)=bc(a^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+1=\frac{(a+b)(a+c)}{bc}\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c})\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{ac}{(b+a)(b+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{c}{b+c})\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{b+c})\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a})=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\sqrt{3}$
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT : \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2\left(bc+ac-ab\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ac\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a+b-c\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng.
\(\Rightarrow2\left(bc+ac-ab\right)\le\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ac-ab\le\dfrac{5}{6}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}< \dfrac{1}{abc}\)
\(4M=\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
=> 8M \(\le\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=8\)
=> \(M\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 3/4
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(M\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1\)
\(M_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a}=1-\dfrac{1}{1+b}+1-\dfrac{1}{1+c}=\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân vế với vế:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge\dfrac{8abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\le\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(N_{max}=\dfrac{1}{8}\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)