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Bài 1:ta có BĐt \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)vì nó tương đương với \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng với a,b>0)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{2ab}+\dfrac{b^3+c^3}{2bc}+\dfrac{c^3+a^3}{2ac}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{2ab}+\dfrac{bc\left(b+c\right)}{2bc}+\dfrac{ca\left(c+a\right)}{2ac}=a+b+c\)dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
bài 2:
cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{a-b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b-c}{c+d}+\dfrac{c-d}{d+a}+\dfrac{d-a}{a+b}\ge0\)
hay \(\dfrac{a-b}{b+c}+1+\dfrac{b-c}{c+d}+1+\dfrac{c-d}{d+a}+1+\dfrac{d-a}{a+b}+1\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+d}{c+d}+\dfrac{c+a}{d+a}+\dfrac{d+b}{a+b}\ge4\)
xét \(VT=\left(a+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+d}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{c+d}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức:
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+d}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b+c+d};\dfrac{1}{c+d}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b+c+d}\)
do đó \(VT\ge\dfrac{4\left(a+c\right)}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{4\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=4\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=d
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM:
\(\sum\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=\sum\left(a-\dfrac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\right)\ge\sum\left(a-\dfrac{b}{2}\right)=a+b+c-\dfrac{a}{2}-\dfrac{b}{2}-\dfrac{c}{2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:
1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)
bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko
làm rõ \(\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{3}{2}=\sum_{cyc}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{1}{2}\right)=\sum_{cyc}\frac{a-b}{2(a+b)}\)
\(=\sum_{cyc}\frac{(a-b)(c^2+ab+ac+bc)}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}=\sum_{cyc}\frac{c^2a-c^2b}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}\)
\(=\sum_{cyc}\frac{a^2b-a^2c}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}=\frac{(a-b)(a-c)(b-c)}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}\geq0\) (đúng)
ok thỏa thuận rồi tui làm nửa sau thui nhé :D
Đặt \(a^2=x;b^2=y;c^2=z\) thì ta có:
\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{z}{x+z}}\)
Lại có: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{x+y}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\cdot\sqrt{x+z}}\)
Tương tự cộng theo vế rồi áp dụng BĐT C-S ta có:
\(VT^2\le2\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT^2\le\dfrac{4\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
Vì \(VP^2=\dfrac{9}{2}\) nên cần cm \(VT\le \frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge8\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
Can you continue
a/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+c\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)
b/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ac}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}=\dfrac{a^4}{abc}+\dfrac{b^4}{abc}+\dfrac{c^4}{abc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
Bài 1:
\(P=(x+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)+(y+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=2+x+y+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\geq 2\)
\(x+\frac{1}{2x}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(y+\frac{1}{2y}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT SVac-xơ kết hợp với Cô-si:
\(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2y}\geq \frac{4}{2x+2y}=\frac{2}{x+y}\geq \frac{2}{\sqrt{2(x^2+y^2)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Cộng các BĐT trên :
\(\Rightarrow P\geq 2+2+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=4+3\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ:
\(\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+a+2c}\geq \frac{4}{2a+4b+2c}=\frac{2}{a+2b+c}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\geq \frac{4}{2b+4c+2a}=\frac{2}{b+2c+a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c+3a}+\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\geq \frac{4}{2c+4a+2b}=\frac{2}{c+2a+b}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn :
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{c+3a}\geq \frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2b+c+a}+\frac{1}{2c+a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Search mạng trước khi đăng nhs bn!
Cho a,b,c,d >0 .CMR: a/(b+c) + b/(c+d) + c/(d+a) + d/( a+b)? | Yahoo Hỏi & Đáp
Sửa đề: \(1< \dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}< 2\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}>\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}\) (3)
\(\dfrac{d}{c+b+d}>\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}\) (4)
Từ (1)(2)(3)(4) =>\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}>\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)
Lại có:\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì a<a+b+c)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}< \dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì b<a+b+d)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}< \dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì c<c+a+d)
\(\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{d+a}{a+b+c+d}\)(Vì d<d+b+c)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\\ \text{Vậy 1< ...< 2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{b^3}{a+c+d}+\dfrac{c^3}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{d^3}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^4}{ab+ac+ad}+\dfrac{b^4}{ab+bc+bd}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac+bc+cd}+\dfrac{d^4}{ad+bd+cd}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\) (bđt Cauchy Shwarz dạng Engel)
Cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+3d^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(a-d\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-d\right)^2\ge0\) *đúng*
Vậy ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = d