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\(a,\) Đặt hóa trị của M là \(x(x>0)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03(mol)\\ PTHH:2M+2xHCl\to 2MCl_x+xH_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{M}=\dfrac{0,03}{x}.2=\dfrac{0,06}{x}(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{0,72}{\dfrac{0,06}{x}}=12x\)
Thay \(x=2\Rightarrow M_M=24(g/mol)\)
Vậy M là magie (Mg)
\(b,n_{HCl}=0,5.0,2=0,1(mol)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}>\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{1}\) nên \(HCl\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,03(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: M + 2H2O → M(OH)2 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{4}{0,1}=40\left(g/mol\right)\)
⇒ M là canxi (Ca)
\(C\%_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1.74.100\%}{500}=1,48\%\)
b) \(m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=200.1,48=2,96\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{2,96}{74}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,04 0,08
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,08}{2}=0,04\left(l\right)=40\left(ml\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2M + 6HCl → 2MCl3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,02 0,06 0,02 0,03
\(M_M=\dfrac{0,54}{0,02}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)
⇒ M là nhôm (Al)
\(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,06.36,5.100\%}{500}=0,438\%\)
c) mdd sau pứ = 0,54 + 500 - 0,03.2 = 500,48 (g)
\(C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,02.133,5.100\%}{500,48}=0,53\%\)
a)
$M + 2HCl \to MCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{HCl} = 0,3.1 = 0,3(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_M = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow M = \dfrac{3,6}{0,15} = 24(Mg)$
b)
$n_{MgCl_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{MgCl_2} = 0,15.95 = 14,25(gam)$
c) $n_{H_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,15(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)$
\(Đặt.kim.loại.kiềm:A\\ 2A+2HCl\rightarrow2ACl+H_2\\ m_{muối}-m_{kl}=m_{Cl^-}\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{Cl^-}=7,45-3,9=3,55\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=n_{Cl^-}=\dfrac{3,55}{35,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_A=n_{ACl}=n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,M_A=\dfrac{3,9}{0,1}=39\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A\left(I\right):Kali\left(K=39\right)\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5.100}{31,7}=\dfrac{3650}{317}\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3650}{317}}{1,15}\approx10,012\left(g\right)\)
nMg = 0,1(mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 +H2
nMg = nMgCl2= nH2 = 0,1(mol)
=> mmuối = 9,5(g)
VH2 = 2,24(l)
b) CMHCl = 0,2/0,1=2(M)
\(m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=51,5.1,84=94,76\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,2<----0,6<--------------------0,3
=> mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
=> \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{21,4-5,4}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,1--->0,3
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(lý.thuyết\right)}=\left(0,6+0,3\right).98=88,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(tt\right)}=88,2.105\%=92,61\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{92,61}{94,76}.100\%=97,7\%\)