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Ta có BĐT:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\le\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\right)+2016\le6\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+2016\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7.\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)\le6\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+2016\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\le2016\)
Xét \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2x^2+y^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2y^2+z^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2z^2+x^2\right)}}\)
\(P^2=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y^2+z^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z^2+x^2}}\right)^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(P^2\le\left(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2\right)\left(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y^2+z^2}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z^2+x^2}}\right)^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P^2\le\frac{1}{2x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{2z^2+x^2}\)
Mặt khác ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2x^2+y^2}=\frac{1}{x^2+x^2+y^2}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2y^2+z^2}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2z^2+x^2}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.2016=672\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le4\sqrt{42}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{\frac{1}{672}}\)
Lời giải:
Sửa: $x^2\geq y^2+z^2$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$P\geq \frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{7x^2}{2}.\frac{4}{y^2+z^2}+2007$
$=\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{14x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$
$=\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{13x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$
$\geq 2+\frac{13x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$ (áp dụng BĐT Cô-si)
$\geq 2+13+2007=2022$ (do $x^2\geq y^2+z^2$)
Vậy $P_{\min}=2022$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(P=\sum\dfrac{x^2\left(y+z\right)}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}\ge\sum\dfrac{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}=\sum\dfrac{2\sqrt{x^3}\sqrt{xyz}}{\sqrt{y^3}+2\sqrt{z^3}}=\sum\dfrac{2\sqrt{x^3}}{\sqrt{y^3}+2\sqrt{z^3}}\)(vì xyz=1).
đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^3}=a\\\sqrt{y^3}=b\\\sqrt{z^3}=c\end{matrix}\right.\)(\(a,b,c>0\))thì giả thiết trở thành cho abc=1. tìm Min \(P=\dfrac{2a}{b+2c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+2a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+2b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz:
\(P=2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{ab+2ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+2ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+2bc}\right)\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=2\)( AM-GM \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\))
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 hay x=y=z=1
Hướng dẫn: đặt \(A=\dfrac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Khi đó \(F-A=x-y+y-z+z-x=0\Rightarrow F=A\)
\(\Rightarrow2F=F+A=\sum\dfrac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{4\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\Rightarrow F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{4}\)
Lời giải:
\(A=\left(\frac{x}{y-z}+\frac{y}{z-x}+\frac{z}{x-y}\right)\left(\frac{1}{y-z}+\frac{1}{z-x}+\frac{1}{x-y}\right)-\frac{x}{(y-z)(z-x)}-\frac{x}{(y-z)(x-y)}-\frac{y}{(z-x)(x-y)}-\frac{y}{(z-x)(y-z)}-\frac{z}{(x-y)(y-z)}-\frac{z}{(x-y)(z-x)}\)
\(=0-\frac{x(x-y)+x(z-x)+y(y-z)+y(x-y)+z(z-x)+z(y-z)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}\)
\(=0-\frac{x^2+xz+y^2+xy+z^2+zy-(xy+x^2+yz+y^2+zx+z^2)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}=0-\frac{0}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}=0\)
Bài 1:
\((x,y,z)=(\frac{2a^2}{bc}; \frac{2b^2}{ca}; \frac{2c^2}{ab})\) (\(a,b,c>0\) )
Khi đó:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{\frac{4a^4}{b^2c^2}}{\frac{4a^4}{b^2c^2}+\frac{4a^2}{bc}+1}+\frac{\frac{4b^4}{c^2a^2}}{\frac{4b^4}{c^2a^2}+\frac{4b^2}{ca}+4}+\frac{\frac{4c^4}{a^2b^2}}{\frac{4c^4}{a^2b^2}+\frac{4c^2}{ab}+4}\)
\(=\frac{a^4}{a^4+a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{b^4}{b^4+b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{c^4}{c^4+c^2ab+a^2b^2}\)
\(\geq \frac{(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{a^4+b^4+c^4+a^2bc+b^2ac+c^2ab+(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)}\)
(Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_Schwarz)
Theo BĐT Cauchy dễ thấy:
\(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq a^2bc+b^2ca+c^2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{a^4+b^4+c^4+2(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)}=\frac{(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$ hay $x=y=z=2$
Bài 2:
Đặt \((x,y,z)=\left(\frac{a}{b};\frac{b}{c}; \frac{c}{a}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}-1\right)\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{a}{c}-1\right)\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{b}{a}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{(a+c-b)(b+a-c)(c+b-a)}{abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\((a+c-b)(b+a-c)\leq \left(\frac{a+c-b+b+a-c}{2}\right)^2=a^2\)
\((b+a-c)(c+b-a)\leq \left(\frac{b+a-c+c+b-a}{2}\right)^2=b^2\)
\((a+c-b)(c+b-a)\leq \left(\frac{a+c-b+c+b-a}{2}\right)^2=c^2\)
Nhân theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow [(a+c-b)(b+a-c)(c+b-a)]^2\leq (abc)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+c-b)(b+a-c)(c+b-a)\leq abc\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq 1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$ hay $x=y=z=1$
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
ta có:\(P=\sum\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x\left(y^2+z^2\right)}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}}{\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\)thì giả thiết trở thành : \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\).tìm Min \(P=\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)
ta có:\(\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a}{1-a^2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(1-a^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(\left[a\left(1-a^2\right)\right]^2=\dfrac{1}{2}.2a^2\left(1-a^2\right)\left(1-a^2\right)\le\dfrac{1}{54}\left(2a^2+1-a^2+1-a^2\right)^3=\dfrac{4}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(1-a^2\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(1-a^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}a^2\)
tương tự với các phân thức còn lại ta có:
\(P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\\\dfrac{1}{z}=c\end{matrix}\right.\) Thì bài toán trở thành
Cho \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) tính GTNN của \(P=\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)
Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=1-c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(1-c^2\right)}\)
Mà ta có: \(2c^2\left(1-c^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)\le\dfrac{\left(2c^2+1-c^2+1-c^2\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{8}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow c\left(1-c^2\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(1-c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}c^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}c^2}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}b^2}{2}\left(2\right)\\\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}a^2}{2}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)