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\(P=\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2-ab+b^2+b^2+1}}\le\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+b^2+2b}}=\sum\frac{2}{\sqrt{4b\left(a+b+2\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sum\left(\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{a+b+1+1}\right)\le\sum\left(\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+1+1\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{8}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{3}{8}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
2.
\(1\ge\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}\ge\frac{9}{3+a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+3\ge6\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge6\)
\(P=\sum\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\sum\left(a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\right)\ge\sum\left(a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sum\left(\frac{2a}{3}-\frac{b}{3}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{6}{3}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
Ta có : \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-ab+3b^2+1\ge\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\)
Lại có : \(\left(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}\ge\frac{a}{4}+\frac{5b}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}\le\frac{4}{a+b+b+b+b+b+1+1}\le\frac{4}{64}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+2\right)\)
Khi đó :
\(P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+6\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xay ra khi a=b=c=1
Vậy \(P_{Max}=\frac{3}{2}\) khi a=b=c=1
Lời giải:
Để nhìn biểu thức cho đơn giản, ta đảo \((a,b,c)\mapsto \left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Bài toán trở thành:
Cho \(a,b,c>0\) thỏa mãn \(2(a^2+b^2+c^2)=ab+bc+ac+\frac{1}{3}\)
Tìm max của \(P=\sum\frac{ab}{\sqrt{6b^2+3a^2}}\)
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Áp dụng BĐt Cauchy-Schwarz:
\((6b^2+3a^2)(2+1)\geq (2\sqrt{3}b+\sqrt{3}a)^2\) \(\Rightarrow \frac{ab}{\sqrt{6b^2+3a^2}}\leq\frac{ab}{2b+a}\)
Thiết lập tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:
\(\Rightarrow P\leq \frac{ab}{2b+a}+\frac{bc}{2c+b}+\frac{ac}{2a+c}\) $(1)$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(ab\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\geq \frac{9ab}{2b+a}\)
Tương tự... \(\Rightarrow \frac{ab}{2b+a}+\frac{bc}{2c+b}+\frac{ac}{2c+a}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{3}\) $(2)$
Mặt khác, ta biết rằng \((a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\) nên từ đkđb \(2(a^2+b^2+c^2)=ab+bc+ac+\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(a+b+c)^2=5(ab+bc+ac)+\frac{1}{3}\leq \frac{5(a+b+c)^2}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\leq 1\) $(3)$
Từ \((1),(2),(3)\Rightarrow P\leq\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu $=$ xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài trên bạn đoán được nghiệm là $5$ thì dùng pp liên hợp đơn giản.
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{3x+1}-4)-(\sqrt{6-x}-1)+3x^2-14x-5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{3(x-5)}{\sqrt{3x+1}+4}+\frac{x-5}{\sqrt{6-x}+1}+(x-5)(3x+1)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-5)(....)=0\)
Vế bên trong dấu ngoặc hiển nhiên dương nên $x=5$
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\).Giả thiết trở thành:\(xyz=x+y+z\) và cần tìm max của \(P=\sum\dfrac{x}{x^2+1}\)
Ta có: \(P=\sum\dfrac{x}{x^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{xyz}{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}=xyz.\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
Do \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\) nên \(P\le\dfrac{2xyz}{\dfrac{8}{9}\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}=\dfrac{9}{4\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}\)(*)
Mặt khác , từ giả thiết ta có : \(1=\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2\)( theo AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Kết hợp với (*) , ta suy ra \(P\le\dfrac{9}{4\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\) hay \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}-1\)
P/s: Chứng minh \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
khai triển ra ta có: \(\sum ab\left(a+b\right)\ge6abc\)hay \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8abc\)( đúng)
5.
ĐKXĐ: \(0\le x\le1\)
\(P=\sqrt{1-x}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{1+x}+\sqrt{x}\)
\(P\ge\sqrt{1-x+x}+\sqrt{1+x+x}=1+\sqrt{1+2x}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=2\) khi \(x=0\)
6.
\(3=a^2+b^2+ab\ge2ab+ab=3ab\Rightarrow ab\le1\)
\(3=a^2+b^2+ab\ge-2ab+ab=-ab\Rightarrow ab\ge-3\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\le ab\le1\)
\(a^2+b^2+ab=3\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=3-ab\)
Ta có:
\(P=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2a^2b^2-ab\)
\(P=\left(3-ab\right)^2-2a^2b^2-ab=-a^2b^2-7ab+9\)
Đặt \(ab=x\Rightarrow-3\le x\le1\)
\(P=-x^2-7x+9=21-\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\le21\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=21\) khi \(x=-3\) hay \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(-\sqrt{3};\sqrt{3}\right)\) và hoán vị
\(P=-x^2-7x+9=1+\left(1-x\right)\left(x+8\right)\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=b=1\)
1. \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=6\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z+xy+yz+zx=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+3\left(x+y+z\right)-18\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z+6\right)\left(x+y+z-3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge3\)
Vậy \(P=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{3}.3^2=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
2. Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:
\(Q^2\le3\left(2a+bc+2b+ac+2c+ab\right)\)
\(Q^2\le6\left(a+b+c\right)+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(Q^2\le6\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)^2=16\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le4\Rightarrow Q_{max}=4\) khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(7\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ca}\right)=20\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=2019\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=20\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)+2019\)
\(\Rightarrow7\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\le\frac{20}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2+2019\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\le6057\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le3\sqrt{673}\)
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{\left(2+1\right)\left(2a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a+b\right)^2}=2a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2a^2+b^2\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2b^2+c^2\right)}}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2c^2+a^2\right)}}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(P\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\sqrt{673}\)
\(P_{max}=\sqrt{673}\) khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{673}}\)
Từ giả thiết và BĐT AM-GM suy ra:\(\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\)\(\ge\)3
Ta có:
P\(\ge\)\(\frac{2a^3}{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{2b^3}{3\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{2c^3}{3\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)
=\(\frac{2}{3}\)(\(\frac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{b\left(c^2+b^2\right)-bc^2}{\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{a\left(a^2+c^2\right)-ca^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\))
=\(\frac{2}{3}\)(a+b+c-\(\frac{ab^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)-\(\frac{bc^2}{\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\)-\(\frac{ca^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\))
\(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{3}\)(a+b+c-\(\frac{a}{2}\)-\(\frac{b}{2}\)-\(\frac{c}{2}\))
=\(\frac{2}{3}\).\(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)=\(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)=\(\frac{\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)}{3}\)-1
\(\ge\)\(\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}{3}\)-1\(\ge\)2
Vậy:MinP=2 khi a=b=c=2
cách này dễ hiểu hơn nè :
Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Ta có : \(1\ge\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+3\ge9\)\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge6\)
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)-ab^2-a^2b}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2+a^2b}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=a-\frac{a+b}{3}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge b-\frac{b+c}{3}\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge c-\frac{a+c}{3}\)
Cộng cả 3 vế , ta được : \(P\ge a+b+c-\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{1}{3}.6=2\)
Vậy GTNN của P là 2 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(b-c\right)^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(c+a\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(c-a\right)^2}}\)
\(\le2\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\le2.\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)