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Ta có:
n H2SO4 = 0,05 ( mol )
GỌi n MgO = a ( mol ) ; n FeO = b ( mol )
PTHH
MgO + H2SO4 =====> MgSO4 + H2O
FeO + H2SO4 ===> FeSO4 + H2O
theo PTHH: a + b = 0,05
Mà m MgO + m FeO = 2,64 => 40a + 72b = 2,64
Do đó a = 0,03 ( mol ) ; b = 0,02 ( mol )
=> %mMgO = 45,45%
%mFeO = 54,55%
a)
- Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của \(CuO,ZnO\)
PTHH.
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\left(1\right)\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
- Ta có hệ phương trình sau:
\(80x+81y=24,2\)
\(2x+2y=0,6\)
Giải hệ pt ta được: \(x=0,1\left(mol\right);y=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%m_{CuO}=\left(80.0,1:24,2\right).100\%=33,05\%\)
\(\%m_{ZnO}=100\%-33,05\%=66,95\%\)
200 ml =0,2 l
\(n_{HCl}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+2HCl->CuCl_2+H_2O\left(1\right)\)
a 2a (mol)
\(ZnO+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
b 2b (mol)
ta có
\(\begin{cases}80a+81b=24,2\\2a+2b=0,6\end{cases}\)
giả ra ta được a =0,1 (mol)
=> \(m_{CuO}=0,1.80=8\left(g\right)\)
thành phần % theo khối lượng mỗi oxit trong hỗn hợp ban đầu là
%CuO = \(\frac{8}{24,2}.100\%=33,06\%\)
%ZnO= 100% - 33,06% = 66,94%
Câu 3:
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của MgO và Al2O3
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.250:1000=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH:
MgO + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2O (1)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (2)
b. Theo PT(1): \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MgO}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{H_2SO_4}=3.n_{Al_2O_3}=3y\left(mol\right)\)
=> x + 3y = 0,05 (1)
Theo đề, ta có: 40x + 102y = 1,82 (2)
Từ (1) và (2), ta có HPT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y=0,05\\40x+102y=1,82\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x = 0,02, y = 0,01
=> \(m_{MgO}=0,02.40=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\%_{m_{MgO}}=\dfrac{0,8}{1,82}.100\%=43,96\%\)
\(\%_{m_{Al_2O_3}}=100\%-43,96\%=56,04\%\)
Câu 4:
Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.100\%}{100}=19,6\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 ---> CuSO4 + H2O
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{CuSO_4}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{dd_{CuSO_4}}=8+100=108\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{CuSO_4}}=\dfrac{16}{108}.100\%=14,81\%\)
Câu 5: Thiếu đề
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
a________a (mol)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
b________3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80a+160b=16\\a+3b=0,25\cdot1=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot80}{16}\cdot100\%=50\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=50\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi n CuO = a ( mol )
n Fe2O3 = b ( mol )
Có : n H2SO4 = 0,25 ( mol )
PTHH
CuO + H2SO4 ===> CuSO4 + H2O
a-----------a
Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 ===> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
b-----------3b
Ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80a+160b=16\\a+3b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m CuO = 8 ( g ) , m Fe2O3 = 8 ( g )
=> %m CuO = %m Fe2O3 = 50 %
Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2b 3b b 3b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)
\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)
\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)
a) PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
_____0,02<---0,03<---------------------0,03
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,02.27}{2,16}.100\%=25\%\\\%Cu=100\%-25\%=75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) mH2SO4 = 0,03.98 = 2,94 (g)
=> \(C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{2,94}{200}.100\%=1,47\%\)
a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65.100\%}{21,1}=61,61\%;\%m_{ZnO}=100-61,61=38,39\%\)
b,\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{21,1-13}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,2
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,4\right).36,5.100\%}{7,3\%}=300\left(g\right)\)
c,
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2
PTHH: ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,1
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=600.1,12=672\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{61,25.8}{100.98}=0,05mol\\ ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}81n_{ZnO}+102n_{Al_2O_3}=2,64\\n_{ZnO}+3n_{Al_2O_3}=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow n_{ZnO}=0,02mol;n_{Al_2O_3}=0,01mol\\ \%m_{ZnO}=\dfrac{81.0,02}{2,64}\cdot100=61,36\%\\ \%m_{Al_2O_3}=100-61,36=38,64\%\)