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\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{208.10\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ 0,1............0,1..............0,1.............0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98.100}{8}=122,5\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\\ d,m_{ddsau}=208+122,5-23,3=307,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{307,2}.100\approx2,376\%\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\cdot20\%}{100\%}=3,92\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3,92}{98}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{BaCl_2}}=0,04\cdot208=8,32\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{8,32\cdot100\%}{12\%}\approx69,3\left(g\right)\\ m_{kết.tủa}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,04\cdot233=9,32\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 -----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
c) Khối lượng kết tủa :
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g)
Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ;
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)
d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
0,24 <-- 0,24
mol mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)
a)PTHH: AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl↓ + HNO3
nHCl = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1 mol
=> nAgCl = 0,1 mol = nAgNO3 = 0,1 mol = nHCl phản ứng
<=> mAgCl = 0,1.143,5 = 14,35 gam
mAgNO3 = 0,1.170 = 17 gam
=> mdd AgNO3 = \(\dfrac{17}{6,8\%}\)= 250 gam
b) X + 2HCl --> XCl2 + H2
1,2 gam X tác dụng vừa đủ với 0,1 mol HCl
=> Số mol của 1,2 gam X = 0,05 mol
<=> Mx = \(\dfrac{1,2}{0,05}\)= 24 (g/mol) => X là magie ( Mg )
\(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{200\cdot20}{100}=40\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n=0,1mol\)
\(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3Na_2SO_4\)
0,1 0,6 0,2 0,3
a)\(m_{NaOH}=0,6\cdot40=24\left(g\right)\)
b)\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,2\cdot107=21,4\left(g\right)\)
c)\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot142=42,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsau}=200+24-21,4=202,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{42,6}{202,6}\cdot100\%=21,03\%\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)
\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)
a, \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
b, \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10}{40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuCl_2}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,125.98=12,25\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,1}=1,25\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10}{40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
0,125 0,25 0,125 0,25
\(m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,125.98=12,25\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(CuCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,1}=1,25\left(M\right)\)
PTHH: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_4\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{208\cdot10\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot98}{8\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\\m_{BaSO_4}=0,1\cdot233=23,3\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddBaCl_2}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{BaSO_4}=307,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{307,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,38\%\)