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\(P=3\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-3x^2y^2-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\)
\(\ge3\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\)
Đặt \(x^2+y^2=a\) thì \(a\ge2\).Xét hàm \(f\left(a\right)=\dfrac{9}{4}a^2-2a+1\)
Dế thấy \(f_{(a)}\) đồng biến trên [2,+\(\infty\)] nên \(f_{Min}\)=\(f_{(2)}\)=6
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=1
\(\left|\left(x-3\right)+2\left(y-1\right)\right|\le\sqrt{\left(1+4\right)\left[\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2\right]}=5\)
\(\Rightarrow-5\le x+2y-5\le5\Rightarrow0\le x+2y\le10\)
\(P=\frac{x^2+4y^2+4xy+x+2y+9-\left(x^2-6x+9\right)-\left(y^2-2y+1\right)}{x+2y+1}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+2y\right)+9-\left(x-3\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2}{x+2y+1}=\frac{\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+2y\right)+4}{x+2y+1}\)
Đặt \(x+2y=t\ge0\)
\(P=\frac{t^2+t+4}{t+1}=t+\frac{4}{t+1}=t+1+\frac{4}{t+1}-1\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4\left(t+1\right)}{t+1}}-1=3\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho hai số $x,y$ dương ta có \(xy\leq \left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2\Rightarrow \frac{4xy}{(x+y)^2}\leq 1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\leq \frac{4z}{x+y}+\frac{z^2}{(x+y)^2}+1\). Đến đây đặt \(\frac{z}{x+y}=t\). Vì \(x,y,z\in[1;2]\Rightarrow t\in[\frac{1}{4};1]\).
Khi đó \(P\leq t^2+4t+1\leq 1+4+1=6\)
Vậy $P_{max}=6$. Dấu $=$ xảy ra khi \(x=y=1;z=2\)
\(2\left(x+y+z\right)=x^4+y^4+z^4\ge x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz\le2\)
\(S=xyz+\frac{5}{xyz}\ge xyz+\frac{4}{xyz}+\frac{1}{xyz}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4xyz}{xyz}}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(S_{min}=\frac{9}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt[3]{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 3 bộ số không âm
\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz\left(xy+1\right)^2\left(yz+1\right)^2\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)\left(xy+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
Xét \(3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{xy+1}{x}\right)\left(\frac{yz+1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{xz+1}{z}\right)}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}y+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}\\z+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}\\x+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\ge6\)
Mà \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge6\)
Vậy GTNN của \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}=6\)
\(S=16x^2y^2+12\left(x^3+y^3\right)+9xy+25xy\)
\(=16x^2y^2+12\left(x+y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy\right]+34xy\)
\(=16x^2y^2+12-36xy+34xy\)
\(=16x^2y^2-2xy+12\)
\(S=16x^2y^2-2xy+12=16x^2y^2-2xy+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{191}{16}=\left(4xy-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\frac{191}{16}\ge\frac{191}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow MinS=\frac{191}{16}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\4xy-\frac{1}{4}=0\\x,y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(\frac{2\pm\sqrt{3}}{4};\frac{2\mp\sqrt{3}}{4}\right)\)
\(S=16x^2y^2-2xy+12=2xy\left(8xy-1\right)+12\le2.\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\left[8.\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}-1\right]+12=\frac{25}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow MinS=\frac{25}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x=y\\x,y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
a, \(y=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2}}{x}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{x^2}}\ge0\)
\(min=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{x^2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b, Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:
\(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x-1}}=\dfrac{x-1+1}{\sqrt{x-1}}=\sqrt{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\ge2\)
\(minf\left(x\right)=2\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(\left(x+y\right)^3+4xy-2\ge0\) (1)
Ta có: \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) \(\forall x;y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-2xy\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy-4xy\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-4xy\ge0\) (2)
Cộng vế với vế của (1) và (2) ta được:
\(\left(x+y\right)^3+\left(x+y\right)^2-2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S^3+S^2-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(S-1\right)\left(S^2+2S+2\right)\ge0\)
Mặt khác \(S^2+2S+2=\left(S+1\right)^2+1>0\) \(\forall S\)
\(\Rightarrow S-1\ge0\Rightarrow S\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=1\) khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)