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Áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cosi ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^3}{1+y}+\frac{1+y}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{1+y}\cdot\frac{1+y}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{3x}{2}\\\frac{y^3}{1+z}+\frac{1+z}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{y^3}{1+z}\cdot\frac{1+z}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{3y}{2}\\\frac{z^3}{1+x}+\frac{1+x}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{z^3}{1+x}\cdot\frac{1+x}{4}\cdot\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{3z}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được \(P+\frac{3+x+y+z}{4}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{9}{4}\)
Mà ta có \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\)
Do đó \(P\ge\frac{5}{4}\cdot3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy minP=\(\frac{3}{2}\)khi x=y=z=1
Bài này có cách lập bảng biến thiên,nhưng mình sẽ làm cách đơn giản
Từ giả thiết \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\Rightarrow0< x,y,z< 1\)
Áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cosi cho 3 cặp số dương \(2x^2;1-x^2;1-x^2\)
\(\frac{2x^2+\left(1-x^2\right)+\left(1-x^2\right)}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{2x^2\left(1-x^2\right)^2}\le\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(1-x^2\right)\le\frac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{1-x^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}x^2\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y^2+z^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}x^2\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y}{z^2+x^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}y^2\left(2\right)\\\frac{z}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}z^2\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng các vế (1), (2) và (3) ta được \(\frac{x}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y}{z^2+x^2}+\frac{z}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Theo giả thiết ta có : \(x+yz=yz-z-1=\left(z-1\right)\left(y+1\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
Tương tự : \(y+zx=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
Và \(z+xy=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
Nên \(P=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{z^2+2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2+x+y}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{z^2+2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}\)
Ta có \(x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2};\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\le\frac{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}{4}\)
nên \(P\ge\frac{2\left(x+y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y+2\right)^2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{4\left(z^2+2\right)}{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}=\frac{2\left(x+y\right)+4}{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}+\frac{4\left(z^2+2\right)}{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{2}{z+1}+\frac{4\left(z^2+2\right)}{\left(z+1\right)^2}=f\left(z\right);z>1\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta được \(f\left(z\right)\ge\frac{13}{4}\) hay min \(P=\frac{13}{4}\) khi \(\begin{cases}z=3\\x=y=1\end{cases}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 3 bộ số không âm
\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz\left(xy+1\right)^2\left(yz+1\right)^2\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)\left(xy+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
Xét \(3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{xy+1}{x}\right)\left(\frac{yz+1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{xz+1}{z}\right)}\)
\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}y+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}\\z+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}\\x+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\ge6\)
Mà \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge6\)
Vậy GTNN của \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}=6\)
đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\sqrt{\frac{yz}{x}};\sqrt{\frac{zx}{y}};\sqrt{\frac{xy}{z}}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(A=\Sigma\frac{1}{1-ab}=\Sigma\frac{2ab}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2ab}+3\le\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b^2+c^2+c^2+a^2}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\left(\frac{a^2}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)=\frac{9}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(2\sqrt{xy}\le x+y\le1\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}\ge4\)
\(A=xy+\frac{1}{xy}=xy+\frac{1}{16xy}+\frac{15}{16xy}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{16xy}}+\frac{15}{16}.4=\frac{17}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=\frac{17}{4}\) khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
b/ \(2y=xy-x=x\left(y-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\frac{2y}{y-1}=2+\frac{2}{y-1}\)
Đồng thời \(x;y>0\Rightarrow2y=x\left(y-1\right)>0\Rightarrow y-1>0\)
\(\Rightarrow S=2+\frac{2}{y-1}+2y=4+\frac{2}{y-1}+2\left(y-1\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{\frac{4\left(y-1\right)}{y-1}}=8\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=8\) khi \(\frac{2}{y-1}=2\left(y-1\right)\Rightarrow y=2\Rightarrow x=4\)
c/ \(x+y+xy\ge7\Leftrightarrow x\left(y+1\right)\ge7-y\Leftrightarrow x\ge\frac{7-y}{y+1}=\frac{8}{y+1}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow S=x+2y\ge2y+\frac{8}{y+1}-1=2\left(y+1\right)+\frac{8}{y+1}-3\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge2\sqrt{\frac{16\left(y+1\right)}{y+1}}-3=5\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=5\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
