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\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cu\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{10,24}{64}=0,16\left(mol\right)\\ CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}Cu+H_2O\\ n_{Cu\left(LT\right)}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ H=\dfrac{0,16}{0,2}.100=80\%\)
a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a_____________________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a (mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b____________________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11}\cdot100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) PTHH: \(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2 còn dư, tính theo CuO
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi n Al = a ( mol ) , n Fe = b ( mol )
Có: n H2 = 0,4 ( mol )
PTHH
2AL + 6HCL ===> 2ALCL3 + 3H2
a--------------------------------------a
Fe + 2HCl ====> FeCL2 + H2
b------------------------------------b
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m AL = 5,4 ( g ) ; m Fe = 5,6 ( g )
b) Có : n CuO = 0,2 ( mol )
PTHH:
CuO + H2 ====> Cu +H2O
0,2----0,2-----------0,2
theo pthh: n Cu = 0,2 ( mol ) => m Cu = 12,8 ( g )
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ 3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}Fe_3O_4\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ n_{Fe_3O_4\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe_3O_4\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{18,56}{232}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ H=\dfrac{0,08}{0,1}.100=80\%\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\\ n_{O_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ H=\dfrac{0,03}{0,05}.100=60\%\)
A tác dụng với NaHCO3 cho khí CO2 → A: axit CH3COOH
BTKL: m + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O => m = 1,8
=> nCH3COOH = 0,03
CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
0,03 0,02 0,0125
=> H = 62,5%
\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{24,5}{122,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{O_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:H=90\%\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(TT\right)}=90\%.0,3=0,27\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc,thực.tế\right)}=0,27.22,4=6,048\left(l\right)\)
2KClO3-to>2KCl+3O2
0,06-----------------0,09 mol
n O2=2,016\22,4=0,09 mol
=>H =0,06.122,5\12,25 .100=60%
\(n_{O_2\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{2,016}{22,4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{12,25}{122,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{O_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,09}{0,15}.100=60\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}Cu+H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\\ \Rightarrow H_2dư\\ n_{Cu\left(LT\right)}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cu\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{8,96}{64}=0,14\left(mol\right)\\ H=\dfrac{0,14}{0,2}.100=70\%\)