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a) \(S=1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\)
\(3S=1.2.3+2.3.\left(4-1\right)+3.4.\left(5-2\right)+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left[\left(n+2\right)-\left(n-1\right)\right]\)
\(=1.2.3+2.3.4-1.2.3+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\)
\(=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\)
b) \(S=1.2.3+2.3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)
\(4S=1.2.3.4+2.3.4.\left(5-1\right)+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left[\left(n+3\right)-\left(n-1\right)\right]\)
\(=1.2.3.4+2.3.4.5-1.2.3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)-\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)
\(=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+2\right)\)
\(S=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}{4}\)
c) \(S=1.4+2.5+3.6+...+n\left(n+3\right)\)
\(=1.2+1.2+2.3+2.2+3.4+3.2+...+n\left(n+1\right)+2n\)
\(=\left(1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\right)+2\left(1+2+3+...+n\right)\)
\(=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}+n\left(n+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+5\right)}{3}\)
a) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2017}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A-A=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2017}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{2016}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2^{2017}-1\)
Vậy \(A=2^{2017}-1\)
b) \(B=1.2.3+2.3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4B=1.2.3.4+2.3.4\left(5-1\right)+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left[\left(n+3\right)-\left(n-1\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow4B=1.2.3.4+2.3.4.5-1.2.3.4+...+n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)-\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4B=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}{4}\)
Vậy...
1. 3S= 1.2.(3-0)+ 2.3.(4-1)+...+ n.(n+1).[(n+2)-(n-1)]
=[1.2.3+ 2.3.4+...+ (n-1)n(n+1)+ n(n+1)(n+2)]- [0.1.2+ 1.2.3+...+(n-1)n(n+1)]
=n(n+1)(n+2)
=>S
Biểu thức này dùng để tính tổng 1^2+..+n^2 rất tiện và thực tế cũng là ket quả của hệ quả trên.
dùng cách thức tương tự có thể tính S=1.2.3+...+ n(n+1)(n+2) từ đó suy ra tổng 1^3+...+n^3
Việc sử dụng trước kết quả tổng 1^2+...+n^2 theo tôi là ngược tiến trình.
2. S = 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 +..+ (n-1).n.(n+1)
4S = 1.2.3.4 + 2.3.4.4 + 3.4.5.4 +..+ (n-1)n(n+1).4
ghi dọc cho dễ nhìn:
(k-1)k(k+1).4 = (k-1)k(k+1)[(k+2) - (k-2)] = (k-1)k(k+1)(k+2) - (k-2)(k-1)k(k+1)
ad cho k chạy từ 2 đến n ta có:
1.2.3.4 = 1.2.3.4
2.3.4.4 = 2.3.4.5 - 1.2.3.4
3.4.5.4 = 3.4.5.6 - 2.3.4.5
...
(n-2)(n-1)n.4 = (n-2)(n-1)n(n+1) - (n-3)(n-2)(n-1)n
(n-1)n(n+1).4 = (n-1)n(n+1)(n+2) - (n-2)(n-1)n(n+1)
+ + cộng lại vế theo vế + + (chú ý cơ chế rút gọn)
4S = (n-1)n(n+1)(n+2)
3.
*S=1-1/4+1/4-1/7+1/7-1/11+1/11-1/14+1/14-1/17
S=1-1/17=16/17
*M=2(1/1.2+1/2.3+...+1/15.16)
M=2(1-1/2+1/2-1/3+..+1/15-1/16)
M=2(1-1/16)
M=2.15/16
M=15/8
:w
\(S=\frac{3}{1.4}+\frac{3}{4.7}+\frac{3}{7.11}+\frac{3}{11.14}+\frac{3}{14.17}\)
\(S=1-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{11}-\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{14}-\frac{1}{17}\)
\(S=1-\frac{1}{17}\)
\(S=\frac{16}{17}\)
\(M=\frac{2}{1.2}+\frac{2}{2.3}+\frac{2}{3.4}+...+\frac{2}{15.16}\)
\(M=2.\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{15}-\frac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(M=2.\left(1-\frac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(M=2.\frac{15}{16}\)
\(=\frac{30}{16}=\frac{15}{8}\)
\(2A=1+\frac{2}{2}+\frac{3}{2^2}+...+\frac{2016}{2^{2015}}\)
\(2A-A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}-\frac{2016}{2^{2016}}\)
\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}-\frac{1}{2^{2016}}< 1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\)(1)
Ta có
\(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}=1+\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}-\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\right)=1+\left(1-\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\right)\)
\(< 1+1=2\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có A<2
Vậy A<B
A=\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+.........+\frac{2016}{2^{2016}}\\ 2A=1+\frac{2}{2}+\frac{3}{2^2}+........+\frac{2016}{2^{2015}}\\ 2A-A=\left(\frac{2}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2^2}-\frac{2}{2^2}\right)+\left(\frac{4}{2^3}-\frac{3}{2^3}\right)+.........\left(\frac{2016}{2^{2015}}-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\right)+\left(1-\frac{2016}{2^{2015}}\right)\\ A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}+\left(1-\frac{2016}{2^{2015}}\right)\)
\(GọiC=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\\ 2C=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+......+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\\ 2C-C=C=1-\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\)
Thay C vào A , ta có : A = 1 - 1/2^2015 + 1 - 1/2^2016 =2 - 1/2^2015 - 1/2^2016<2 =B->A<B
A=1000 B=134221
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