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Bài 1:
Ta có:
\(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2-\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2-a^2+2ab-b^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=0\)
Vì hai số đối nhau là hai số có tổng bằng 0
Vậy a và b là hai số đối nhau
Bài 2:
Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi a và b
\(\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi a và c
\(\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi a, b, c
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(a-c\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\a-c=0\\b-c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a=c\\b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy a = b = c
Bài 3:
Sửa đề:
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+2axby\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2=2axby\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ay-bx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ay=bx\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(=>a^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+b^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax\right)^2+2axby+\left(by\right)^2\)
\(=>a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2-a^2x^2-2axby-b^2y^2=0\)
\(=>a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2axby=0=>\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
=>ax-by=0=>ax=by
Vậy .....................
2) b)
Xét hiệu :
\(100^2+103^2+105^2+94^2-\left(101^2+98^2+96^2+107^2\right)\)
\(=100^2+103^2+105^2+94^2-101^2-98^2-96^2-107^2\)
\(=\left(100^2-98^2\right)+\left(103^2-101^2\right)-\left(107^2-105^2\right)-\left(96^2-94^2\right)\)
\(=\left(100-98\right)\left(100+98\right)+\left(103-101\right)\left(103+1\right)-\left(107-105\right)\left(107+105\right)\)\(-\left(96-94\right)\left(96+94\right)\)
\(=2.198+2.204-2.212-2.190=2\left(198+204-212-190\right)=2.0=0\)
Vậy 1002+1032+1052+942=1012+982+962+1072
Bài 1:
\(\left(a+b\right)^2=2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-a^2+2ab-b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow-\left(a-b\right)^2\le0\)
Khi \(a=b\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
Khi \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
1/ \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x^2-y^2\right)-4y^2+10\)
\(=x^2-2xy+y^2+x^2+2xy+y^2-2x^2+2y^2-4y^2+10\)
\(=10\)
2/ \(5a^2+b^2=6ab\Leftrightarrow\left(5a^2-5ab\right)+\left(b^2-ab\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(5a-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=b\\5a=b\end{cases}}\)
Với a = b thì
\(M=\frac{a-b}{a+b}=\frac{a-a}{a+a}=0\)
Với 5a = b thì
\(M=\frac{a-b}{a+b}=\frac{a-5a}{a+5a}=\frac{-4}{6}=\frac{-2}{3}\)
1.(x-y)2+(x+y)2-2(x2-y2)-4y2+10
=x2-2xy+y2+x2+2xy+y2-2x2+2y2-4y2+10
=x2+x-2x2-2xy+2xy+y2+y2+2y2-4y2+10
=10
=>dpcm
2.Ta co : 5a2+b2=6ab
5a2+b2-6ab=0
5a2+b2-5ab-ab=0
5a2-5ab+b2-ab=0
5a(a-b)+b(b-a)=0
5a(a-b)-b(a-b)=0
(a-b)(5a-b)=0
Ta lai co : a-b=0 \(\Rightarrow\)a=b
Va : 5a-b=0 \(\Rightarrow\)5a=b
Thay : a=b vao M
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{a-b}{a+b}=\frac{b-b}{b+b}=\frac{0}{2b}=0\)
Thay : 5a=b vao M
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{a-b}{a+b}=\frac{a-5a}{a+5a}=-\frac{4a}{6a}=-\frac{4}{6}=-\frac{2}{3}\)
Bài 1:
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+2abxy+b^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2abxy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ay=bx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(VT=\left(5a-3b+8c\right)\left(5a-3b-8c\right)\)
\(=\left(5a-3b\right)^2-64c^2\)
\(=25a^2-30ab+9b^2-64c^2\)
\(=25a^2-30ab+9b^2-16a^2+16b^2\left(a^2-b^2=4c^2\right)\)
\(=9a^2-30ab+25b^2=\left(3a-5b\right)^2=VP\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Cái này có 2 cách : biến dổi tương đương và áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bu-ni-a
Biến đổi tương đương : \(a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+2axby+b^2y^2\)
Chuyển vế phải qua vế trái rút gọn lại ta được : \(a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2=0\)
=>\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ay-bx=0\Rightarrow ay=bx\Rightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\)
a) \(\left(ax+by\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(ax\right)^2+2axby+\left(by\right)^2\le\left(ax\right)^2+\left(ay\right)^2+\left(bx\right)^2+\left(by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2axby\le\left(ay\right)^2+\left(bx\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(ay\right)^2-2axby+\left(bx\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\)
Ta có: \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+2axby\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ay=bx\)
hay \(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
Ta có : \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+2abxy+b^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ay-bx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ay=bx\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{x}{y}\)