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\(6\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+10\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(=6\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x+y}\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\ge6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2.\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2x+y+z+x+2y+z+2z+x+y}-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\ge6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(=6.\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{4.\dfrac{3}{4}}-\dfrac{2}{3}.\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2=9\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
a) ab+bc+ca\(\le\dfrac{\left(a+c+b\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3ab+3bc+3ac\le a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ca\le2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2\ge0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng \(\forall a,b,c\)
4) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^4+yz\right)\left(1+1\right)\ge\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x^4+yz}\le\dfrac{2x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y^2}{y^4+xz}\le\dfrac{2y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}\\\dfrac{z^2}{z^4+xy}\le\dfrac{2z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\)
Chứng minh rằng \(2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow x^2+\sqrt{yz}\ge2\sqrt{x^2\sqrt{yz}}=2x\sqrt{\sqrt{yz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\ge4x^2\sqrt{yz}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{x^2}{4x^2\sqrt{yz}}=\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{yz}}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{xz}}\\\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{xy}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le3\)
Theo đề bài ta có \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}{2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\dfrac{2}{z}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{x}\\\dfrac{x}{zy}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{yz}+\dfrac{y}{xz}+\dfrac{z}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\le3\) ( đpcm )
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Mà \(VT\le2\left[\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x^2+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y^2+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z^2+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
3. Ta có :\(x^2\left(1-2x\right)=x.x.\left(1-2x\right)\le\dfrac{\left(x+x+1-2x\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{1}{27}\)(bđt cô si)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :x=1-2x\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Vậy max của Qlaf 1/27 khi x=1/3
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow z=x-y+1\)
Thế vào (2)\(xy+\left(x^2+y^2-2xy+2x-2y+1\right)-7\left(x-y+1\right)+10=0\)
\(x^2+y^2-xy-5x+5y+4\Leftrightarrow-xy-5\left(x-y\right)+21=0\left(3\right)\\ \)
\(\left(x-y\right)^2=17-2xy\Rightarrow-xy=\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2-17}{2}\) (4)đặt (x-y)=t
\(\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{t^2-17}{2}-5t+21=0\Leftrightarrow t^2-10t+25\Rightarrow t=5\)
(1)=> z=6
(4) => xy=-4 hệ \(\left\{\begin{matrix}x-y=5\\xy=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)=> (y+5)y=y^2+5y+4=0=>\(\left\{\begin{matrix}y=-1\\y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Kết luận:
(x,y,z)=(1,-4,6);(4,-1,6)
Bài 3 \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+xy=2+3\sqrt{2}\\x^2+y^2=6\end{cases}}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y\right)+xy=2+3\sqrt{2}\\\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=6\end{cases}}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}S+P=2+3\sqrt{2}\left(1\right)\\S^2-2P=6\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1)\(\Rightarrow P=2+3\sqrt{2}-S\)Thế P vào (2) rồi giải tiếp nhé. Mình lười lắm ^.^
3 g) \(xyz=x+y+z+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=\Sigma_{cyc}\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=1\) .Đặt \(\frac{1}{x+1}=a;\frac{1}{y+1}=b;\frac{1}{z+1}=c\Rightarrow x=\frac{1-a}{a}=\frac{b+c}{a};y=\frac{c+a}{b};z=\frac{a+b}{c}\) vì a + b + c = 1.
Khi đó \(P=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a^2}+2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{2}{9}+\frac{4}{9}}.\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left[\left(\sqrt{\frac{2}{9}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{\frac{4}{9}}\right)^2\right]\left[2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right]}}\)
\(\le\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left[\frac{2}{3}a+\frac{2}{3}b+\frac{2}{3}c\right]^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=2\)
3c) Nhìn quen quen, chả biết có lời giải ở đâu hay chưa nhưng vẫn làm:D (Em ko quan tâm nha!)
\(P=3-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2xy^2}{xy^2+xy^2+1}\ge3-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2xy^2}{3\sqrt[3]{\left(xy^2\right)^2}}=3-\frac{2}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(xy^2\right)}\)
\(\ge3-\frac{2}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x+y+y}{3}=3-\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)=3-2=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 2/ Không mất tính tổng quát giả sử: \(xy\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^4+z^6\le x^2+y^2+z^2\le\left(x+y\right)^2+z^2=2z^2\le2\)
Câu 3/
Dễ thấy n = 20 thì \(20^{20}\) có số lượng số lớn hơn 19 chữ số.
\(\Rightarrow n< 20\)
Xét \(n>2\) ta dễ thấy n phải là lũy thừa của 2 vì giải sử
\(n=\left(2k+1\right).2^a\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(n^{2a}\right)^{2a+1}+1=A.\left(n^{2a}+1\right)\)không phải là số nguyên tố.
\(\Rightarrow n=4;8;16\)
Xét \(n=1;2\) nữa là xong
PS: Thôi nghỉ không làm nữa