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Reduce relative clauses into relative phrases.
1. Students who arrive late won't be permitted to enter the classroom.
=>_ Students arriving late will not be permitted to enter the classroom___
2. John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
=>_John, taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say__
3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
=>____ The people watting for the bus in the rain are getting wet______
4. We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.
=>____ We drove along the road still flooded after the heavy rain________
5. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
=>___The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress___
6. The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind.
=>___ The wild ox kept at Nam Cat Tien National park is of a special kind___
7. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
=>__The helicopter flying toward the lake made a low droning sound______
Ex1: Complete these sentences with -ING or -ED
1, The girl is playing the piano. She is Mai.
=> The girl who is playing the piano is Mai.
2, The people are waiting the bus in the rain. They are getting wet.
=> The people who are waiting the bus in the rain are getting wet.
3, I live in a pleasant room. The room overlooks the garden
=> I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden.
4, Most of the goods are exported. The goods are made in this factory.
=> Most of the goods made in this factory are exported.
5, I come from a city. The city is located in the northern part of the country
=> I come from a city located in the northern part of the country.
6, The house belongs to my uncle. It is built of wood
=> The house which is built of wood belongs to my uncle.
7, The girl is intelligent. She sits next to me
=> The girl sitting next to me is intelligent.
8, The man was taken to the hospital. He was injured in the accident
=> The man who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
9, The woman was very interested in our project. She spoke to me on the phone
=> The wonman speaking to me on the phone was very interested in our project.
10, All the people can speak French and English. They live in this village.
=> All the people living in this village can speak English and French.
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Ex1: Complete these sentences with -ING or -ED
1, The girl is playing the piano. She is Mai
=> The girl who playing the piano is Mai
2, The people are waiting the bus in the rain. They are getting wet
=> The people who waiting the bus in the rain are getting wet
3, I live in a pleasant room. The room overlooks the garden
=> I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden
4, Most of the goods are exported. The goods are made in this factory
=> Most of the goods made in this factory are exported.
5, I come from a city. The city is located in the northern part of the country
=> I come from a city located in the northern part of the country.
6, The house belongs to my uncle. It is built of wood
=> The house which is built of wood belongs to my uncle.
7, The girl is intelligent. She sits next to me
=> The girl sitting next to me is intelligent.
8, The man was taken to the hospital. He was injured in the accident
=> The man who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
9, The woman was very interested in our project. She spoke to me on the phone
=> The wonman speaking to me on the phone was very interested in our project.
10, All the people can speak French and English. They live in this village
=> All the people living in this village can speak English and French.
1. The picture which she was looking at was very beautiful
2. You should write the address which I'll give you
3. The movie which they are talking about is very fantastic
4. The woman who you are listening to teaches me E
5. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
6. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
7. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
III. Comment on each situation. Use the to-infinitive structure:
1. David offered his help. No one else did. -> David was the only person to offer his help.
2. Oliva’s daughter swam a length of the pool. No other girl as young as her did that.
-> Oliva’s daughter was the only girl at her age to swim a length of the pool.
3. The secretaries got a pay rise. No one else did.
-> The secretaries were the only people to get a pay rise.
4. The pilot left the aircraft. Everyone else had left before him.
The pilot was the last person to leave the aircraft.
5. Mrs. Harper became Managing Director. No other woman had done that before
-> Mrs. Harper was the first woman to become Managing Director.
6. Daniel applied for the job. No other candidate as suitable as him applied.
-> Daniel was the most suitable candidate to apply for the job.
7. Janet solved the puzzle. She did it before everyone else.
-> Janet was the first person to solve the puzzle.
8. Mark wrote a letter of thanks. No one else did.
-> Mark was the only person to write a letter of thanks.
V. Each of these sentences contain errors in it. Write the correct sentence
1. There were a lot of people waited -> waiting in a lounge outside the box office.
2. This isn’t the bus on that -> which I normally travel.
3. Baseball is the only sport which I am interested in. (không có lỗi?)
4. The reason because -> why I didn’t know was that no one had told me.
5. I didn’t know the name of the man helped -> helping me.
6. I’ve met many people, some of them -> whom are from my country.
7. Hiroko was born in Sapporo that -> which is a city in Japan.
8. Dr. Darnell was the only person to -> \(\varnothing\) whom I wanted to see.
9. Rupert knows the family who’s -> whose house is for rent.
10. Students who -> \(\varnothing\) living on campus are close to their classroom and the library.
11. Einstein, who failed his university entrance exam, discovered relativity. (thêm dấu phẩy)
12. The person whom we talked to was very friendly.
13. The bridge building -> built only two years ago has been declared unsafe.
14. It’s the President who makes the important decision.
15. I can’t find my diary, what -> which is a real nuisance.
16. Outside the door was a pair of boots covering -> covered in mud.
17. Lake Superior, that -> which lies on the US Canadian border, is the largest lake in North America.
18. My favorite place in the world is a small city is -> \(\varnothing\) located on the southern coast of Brazil.
19. I would like to live in the country which -> where there is plenty of sunshine.
20. The nice couple with who -> whom we went on holiday has just moved in next door.
COMBINE THE TWO SENTENCES, USING V-ing OR V-ed.
1. The girl is playing the piano. She is Mai.
⇒ The girl playing the piano is Mai.
2. The people are waiting for the bus in the rain. They are getting wet.
⇒ The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
3. I live in a pleasant room. The room overlooks the garden.
⇒ I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden
4. Most of the goods are exported. The goods are made in this factory.
⇒ Most of the good made in this factory are exported
5. I come from a city. The city is located in the northern part of the country.
⇒ I come from a city located in the northern part of the country
6. The ruler is made of plastic. It is nice.
⇒ The ruler made of plastic is nice
7. The girl is talking to Phan. She is Australian.
⇒ The girl talking to Phan is Austalian
8. The man was wanted by police. He is arrested now.
⇒ The man wanted by police is arrested now
9. The dancers are dancing beautifully. They were trained in Russia.
⇒ The dancers dancing beautifully were trained in Russia
10. The boy is swimming in the pool. He was the school champion last years.
⇒ The boy swimming in the pool was the school champion last year
I. Complete each pair of these sentences, using the present participle or the past participle.
1. A new factory has just opened in our town. It emoloys more than 200 workers
=> A new factory emloying more than 200 workers has just opened in our town.
2. A boy was injured in the accident. He was taken to hospital.
=>A boy taken to hospital was injured in the accident.
3. I didn't talk to much to the man. T he man was sitting next to me on the plane to Hanoi.
=> I didn't talk much to the man sitting next to me on the plane to HN.
4. The woman was very interesed in our project. She spoke to me on the phone.
=> The wonman speaking to me on the phone was very interested in our project.
5. The trousers are too long for me to wear. They were made by the tailor in our street.
=> The trousers made by the tailor in our street are too long for me to wear.
6. The musicican is an internationally famous. He appeared in the contest last night.
=> The musician appearing in the concert last night is internationally famous.
7. The boy will be punished. He broke the shop window.
=> The boy breaking the shop window will be punished
8. All the people can speak English and French. They live in this village.=> All the people living in this village can speak English and French.
9. The book is about places of interest in Vietnam. It was written by Mr Jones.
=> The book written by Mr Jones is about places of interest in Vietnam.
10. The students discussed the problem. The problem was caused by pollution.
=> The students discussed the problem caused by pollution.
11. The street is very wide. The street leads to our school.
=> The street leading to our school is very wide.
12. The food is made from rice, lotus seeds and vegetables. It is one of the restaurant special dished.
=> The food made from rice, lotus seeds and vegetables is one of the restaurant special dish.
13. The man is my uncle. He wrote this poem.
=> The man writing this poem is my uncle.
14. Ha Long Bay is famous for magnificent caves. It is recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Site.
=> Ha Long Bay, recognized bt UNESCO as World Heritage Site, is famous for magnificient caves.
15. My family is living in a house. It was built in 2004.
=> My family is living in a house built in 2004
16. The book is mine. It is lying on the table.
=> The book lying on the table is mine.
17. The chickens are very fat. They are raised on our farm.
=> The chickens raised on our farm are very fat.
18. The building is painted pink. It is my school.
=> The building painted pink is my school.
19. The teacher is in charge of my class. He is talking to the principal.
=> The teacher talking to the principal is in charge of my class.
20. The book is about life in the sea. It has a picture of a shark on the cover.
=> The book having a picture of a shark on the cover is about life in the sea.
21. Who is the woman? She is wearing a long red dress.
=> Who is the woman wearing a long red dress.
22. Tuan felt sad. He was punished by the teacher.
=> Tuan being punished by his teacher felt sad.
23. The boys are in the volunteer group. They are planting tress on the hill.
=> The boys plainting trees on the hill are in the volunteer group.
24. The picture won the first prize in the art contest. It was taken by my brother.
=> The picture taken by my brother won the first prize in the art contest.
1. The picture was very beautiful. She was looking at it.
-> The picture, which she was looking at, was very beautiful.
2. I’ll give you the address. You should write to it.
-> I'll give you the address to which you should write.
3. The movie is very fantastic. They are talking about it.
-> The movie, which they are talking about, is very fantastic.
4. The woman teaches me English. You are listening to her.
-> The woman, whom you are listening to, teaches me English.
5. The scientists are making progress. They are reseaching the causes of cancer.
-> The scientists, who are researching the causes of cancer, are making progress.
6. Do you know the woman? Who is coming toward us?
-> Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
7. The people are getting wet. They are waiting for the bus in the rain.
-> The people, who are waiting for the bus in the rain, are getting wet.
8. The fence is made from wood. It surrounds our house.
-> The fence, which surrounds our house, is made from wood.
9. The first person is Mr. Smith. We must see him.
-> The first person, whom we must see, is Mr. Smith.
10. He is a famous doctor inmy neighbour. You have just met his daughter last night
-> He, whose daughter you have just met last night, is a famous doctor in my neighborhood.
câu 8,9,10 các bạn không làm cũng được chỉ cần 7 câu đầu thui
10. The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals.
=> The vegetables sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals.
11. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
=> Do you know the woman coming toward us ?
12. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet .
=> The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet .
13. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country .
=> I come from a city located in the southern part of the country .
14. They live in a house that was built in 1890.
=> They live in a house built in 1890.
15. He was the first man who left the burning building .
=> He was the first man to leave the burning building .
16. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors
=> The couple living in the house next door are both college professors
17. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet .
=> The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet .
18. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher .
=> The students not coming to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher .
19. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
=> Did you get the message concerning the special meeting ?
20. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning .
=> Lan is the second student to enter the classroom this morning .
21. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries .
=> The psychologists studying the nature of sleep have made important discoveries .
22. He was the only man who reached the top.
=> He was the only man reaching the top.
23. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
=> He is always the first coming and the last going
24. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss .
=> People listening to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss .
25. He was the second man who was saved in the fire .
=> He was the second man to have been saved in the fire .
26. I haven't got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with .
=> I haven't got anything to open a bottle of wine with .
27. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island .
=> The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship built on the island .
28. The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable.
=> The fifth man interviewed was completely unsuitable .
29. This is the third who is late for the meeting today .
=> This is the third to be late for the meeting today .
30. Am I the next person who joins the interview ?
=> Am I the next person joining the interview?