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a) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$n_{HCl} = 3n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)$
$m_{HCl} = 0,6.36,5 = 21,9(gam)$
b) $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)$
c)
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8(gam)$
$m_{HCl\ dư} = 200.20\% - 21,9 = 18,1(gam)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{18,1}{204,8}.100\% = 8,84\%$
$C\%_{AlCl_3} = \dfrac{0,2.133,5}{204,8}.100\% = 13,04\%$
a) nAl=5,427=0,2(mol)nAl=5,427=0,2(mol)
2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H22Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2
nHCl=3nAl=0,6(mol)
mHCl=0,6.36,5=21,9(gam)mHCl=0,6.36,5=21,9(gam)
b) nH2=32nAl=0,3(mol)nH2=32nAl=0,3(mol)
VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72(lít)VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72(lít)
c)
mdd sau pư=5,4+200−0,3.2=204,8(gam)
mHCl dư=200.20%−21,9=18,1(gam)mHCl dư=200.20%−21,9=18,1(gam)
C%HCl=18,1204,8.100%=8,84%C%HCl=18,1204,8.100%=8,84%
C%AlCl3=0,2.133,5204,8.100%=13,04%
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\); nHCl = 0,5.2 = 1 (mol)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{1}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,1->0,3---->0,1---->0,15
=> VH2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\\C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{1-0,3}{0,5}=1,4M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,4 0,8 0,4 0,4
a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.2}{1}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,8.36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100}{14,6}=200\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,4.136=54,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=26+200-\left(0,4.2\right)=225,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{54,4.100}{225,2}=24,16\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,4-->0,6---------->0,2------->0,6
=> \(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\)
b) VH2 = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44 (l)
c) \(C_{M\left(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=\dfrac{4}{3}M\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,4 0,6 0,2 0,6
\(C_M_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\\ V_{H_2}=0,622,4=13,44L\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=1,3M\)
a. PTHH: Na2CO3 + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2NaCl + H2O +CO2
Ta có : nNa2CO3 = \(\frac{200.10,6}{100.106}\) = 0,2 mol
nHCl = \(\frac{400.14,6}{100.36,5}\) = 1,6 mol
Tỉ số: \(\frac{0,2}{1}\) < \(\frac{1,6}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Na2CO3 hết. HCl dư
THeo ptr: nCO2 = nNa2CO3 = 0,2 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) VCO2 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48(l)
b. Dung dịch A gồm NaCl và HCl (dư)
Theo pt: nNaCl = 2.nNa2CO3= 2.0,2=0,4 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) mNaCl = 0,4.58,5= 23,4 g
mCO2 = 0,2 . 44= 8,8 (g)
Ta có : mdd A= mdd Na2Co3 + mdd HCl - m CO2
= 200 + 400 - 8,8 = 591,2(g)
\(\Rightarrow\) C%dd NaCl = \(\frac{23,4}{591,2}.100\) = 4%
Theo pt: nHCl ( p.ứ) = 2. nNa2CO3 = 2. 0,2 = 0,4 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) nHCl (dư) = 1,6 - 0,4 =1,2 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) mHCl ( dư) = 1,2 . 36,5 = 43,8(g)
C%dd HCl (dư)= \(\frac{43,8}{591,2}.100\) = 7,41 %
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{400.14,6\%}{36,5}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{2}< \dfrac{1,6}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,4------------->0,4---->0,6
mdd sau pư = 10,8 + 400 - 0,6.2 = 409,6 (g)\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{409,6}.100\%=13,037\%\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{6,9}{23}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.3,65\%=7,3\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Na+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2\uparrow\\ LTL:0,3>0,2\Rightarrow Na.dư\)
Theo pt: nH2 = 2nHCl = 2.0,2 = 0,4 (mol)
VH2 = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l)
Theo pt: nNaCl = nNa (phản ứng) = nHCl = 0,2 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2.58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Na\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).23=2,3\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,4.2=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(m_{dd}=200+6,9-2,3-0,8=203,8\left(g\right)\)
=> C%NaCl = \(\dfrac{11,7}{203,8}=5,74\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=14,6\%.500=73\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{73}{36,5}=2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
LTL: \(0,6< \dfrac{2}{3}\) => HCl dư
Theo pthh: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Al}=3.0,6=1,8\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,6=0,9\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> VH2 = 0,9.22,4 = 20,16 (l)
\(m_{dd}=10,8+500-0,9.2=509\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,6.133,5=80,1\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{80,1}{509}.100\%=15,74\%\)