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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
Câu 2 :
\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=64a+27b=11.8\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(BTKL:m_{O_2}=18.2-11.8=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.4}{32}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2CuO\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{O_2}=0.5a+0.75b=0.2\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.1\cdot64}{11.8}\cdot100\%=54.23\%\)
\(m_O=22.3-14.3=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_O=\dfrac{8}{16}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố O :
\(n_{H_2O}=n_O=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố H :
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2O}=0.5\cdot2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0.5\left(l\right)\)
Bài 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của Mg, Al
PTHH:
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
...x.............................x.............x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
..y.............................y...........1,5y
Ta có hệ PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=7,8\\x+1,5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
a. => \(\%Mg=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%=30,77\%\)
=> \(\%Al=100\%-30,76\%=69,23\%\)
b. \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muoi-khan}=9,5+26,7=36,2\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\) (1)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\) (2)
a) Gọi số mol của Mg là a (mol) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow24a+27\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}a=6,3\) \(\Rightarrow a=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,15\cdot40=6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05\cdot102=5,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{O_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
b) - Đặt CTHH tổng quát của oxit gồm 3 kim loại đó là \(X_2O_n\)
\(2X+\dfrac{n}{2}O_2\) ---to----> \(X_2O_n\) (1)
- Theo PTHH(1): nX = 2.\(n_{X_2O_n}\)
=> \(\dfrac{13,1}{X}=\dfrac{2.20,3}{2X+16n}\)
=> n = \(\dfrac{9}{131}X\)
\(X_2O_n+2nHCl\) ------> \(2XCl_n+\dfrac{n}{2}H_2O\) (2)
- Theo PTHH (2): \(n_{XCln}=2n_{X2On}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{m_{XCln}}{X+35,5n}=2.\dfrac{13,1}{2X}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{XCln}=2.\dfrac{13,1}{2X}.\left(X+35,5n\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{XCln}=2.\dfrac{13,1}{2X}.\left(X+35,5n\right)\)
Mà \(n=\dfrac{9}{131}X\)
=> mXCln = 45,05 gam