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a.KClO3to⟶KCl+1,5O2
BTKL⟶mKClO3=mO2+mA
=>24,5=mO2+17,3
→O2→KClO3→H=75%
b.
4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5
0,16→ 0,2
Dư: 0,025
Sau pứ m(bình 1) = mP2O5 = 11,36 (g)
O2 + 2C → 2CO
0,025→ 0,05 0,05
Dư: 0,25
Sau pứ m(bình 2) = mCdư = 3 (g)
PTHH: \(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\) (2)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\) (3)
a) Ta có: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{24,5}{122,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{KCl}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KCl\left(lýthuyết\right)}=0,2\cdot74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow H\%=\dfrac{17,3}{14,9}\cdot100\%\approx116,11\%\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{O_2}=0,3mol\)
+) Xét bình có photpho
Vì oxi chắc chắn dư nên tính theo photpho
Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{4,96}{31}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{P_2O_5}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{O_2\left(3\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{P_2O_5}=0,08\cdot142=11,36\left(g\right)\\m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,1\cdot32=3,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Xét bình 2
Ta có: \(n_C=\dfrac{0,3}{12}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,025}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Oxi còn dư, Cacbon p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO_2}=0,025\cdot44=1,1\left(g\right)\\m_{O_2}=0,075\cdot32=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Link tham khảo : https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/tim-kiem?q=Nung+24.5+gam+KClO3+m%E1%BB%99t+th%E1%BB%9Di+gian+thu+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c+17.3+gam+ch%E1%BA%A5t+r%E1%BA%AFn+A+v%C3%A0+kh%C3%AD+B.D%E1%BA%ABn+to%C3%A0n+b%E1%BB%99+kh%C3%AD+B+v%C3%A0o+b%C3%ACnh+1+%C4%91%E1%BB%B1ng+4.96+gam+ph%E1%BB%91tpho+nung+n%C3%B3ng+ph%E1%BA%A3n+%E1%BB%A9ng+xong+d%E1%BA%ABn+kh%C3%AD+B+v%C3%A0+b%C3%ACnh+2+%C4%91%E1%BB%B1ng+3+gam+c%C3%A1cbon+%C4%91%E1%BB%83+%C4%91%E1%BB%91t.++a)t%C3%ADnh+%kh%E1%BB%91i+l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng+KClO3+%C4%91%C3%A3+d%C3%B9ng+++b)T%C3%ADnh+s%E1%BB%91+ph%C3%A2n+t%E1%BB%AD+,+kh%E1%BB%91i+l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng+c%C3%A1c+ch%E1%BA%A5t+trong+m%E1%BB%97i+b%C3%ACnh+sau+ph%E1%BA%A3ng+%E1%BB%A9ng.&id=172571
chúc bạn học tốt !
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
ta có PTHH: 2KClO3=>2KCl + 3O2
\(\frac{a}{122,5}\)------->\(\frac{a}{122,5}\).74,5-> \(\frac{3a}{2}\).22,4
2KMnO4=>K2MnO4+ MnO2+ O2
\(\frac{b}{158}\)------->\(\frac{b}{2.158}.197\)->\(\frac{b}{2.158}.87\)-> \(\frac{b}{2}.22,4\)
từ 2PT trên ta có : \(\frac{a}{122,5}.74,5=\frac{b}{2.158}.197+\frac{b}{2.158}.87\)
=> a/b=1,78
b) tỉ lệ phản ứng: \(\frac{3a}{2}.22,4:\frac{b}{2}.22,4=\frac{3a}{b}=4,43\)
1) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
mA = mKMnO4(bđ) - mO2 = 79 - 0,15.32 = 74,2 (g)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0,3<-----------0,15<----0,15<---0,15
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,3.158}{79}.100\%=60\%\)
2)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.197}{74,2}.100\%=39,825\%\\\%m_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{0,15.87}{74,2}.100\%=17,588\%\\\%m_{KMnO_4\left(không.pư\right)}=\dfrac{79-0,3.158}{74,2}.100\%=42,587\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) \(n_{KMnO_4\left(không.pư\right)}=\dfrac{79}{158}-0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,2----------------------------------->0,5
K2MnO4 + 8HCl --> 2KCl + MnCl2 + 2Cl2 + 4H2O
0,15-------------------------------->0,3
MnO2 + 4Hcl --> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
0,15------------------->0,15
=> \(V_{Cl_2}=22,4\left(0,5+0,3+0,15\right)=21,28\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{79}{158}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,5 0,15
a)\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,15\cdot197=29,55g\)
\(m_{MnO_2}=0,15\cdot87=13,05g\)
\(m_{CRắn}=m_{KMnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}=29,55+13,05=42,6g\)
\(n_{KMnO_4pư}=0,15\cdot2=0,3mol\)
\(H=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}\cdot100\%=60\%\)
b)\(m_{O_2}=0,15\cdot32=4,8g\)
\(\%m_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{29,55}{42,6}\cdot100\%=69,37\%\)
\(\%m_{MnO_2}=100\%-69,37\%=30,63\%\)
a)
CTHH: FexOy
\(n_{Fe_xO_y}=\dfrac{16}{56x+16y}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yCO --to--> xFe + yCO2
\(\dfrac{16}{56x+16y}\)--------->\(\dfrac{16x}{56x+16y}\)
=> \(\dfrac{16x}{56x+16y}.56=16-4,8=11,2\)
=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3CO --to--> 2Fe + 3CO2
0,1------>0,3--------------->0,3
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3 + H2O
0,3----->0,3
=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,3.100=30\left(g\right)\)
b) nCO (thực tế) = 0,3.110% = 0,33(mol)
=> VCO = 0,33.22,4 = 7,392(l)
a, Tính % về khối lượng KCIO3 đã bị phân hủy ạ