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a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot36,5}{100}\cdot100\%=10,95\%\)
c+d) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=104,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{104,8}\cdot100\%\approx25,48\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,1=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6}{2}.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ c,C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(LT\right)}=0,15.24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{V_{H_2\left(TT\right)}}{V_{H_2\left(LT\right)}}.100\%=\dfrac{2,479}{3,7185}.100\%\approx66,67\%\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{C_{M_{HCl}}}=\dfrac{0,3}{1,5}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=n_{AlCl_3}.M_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6\cdot36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c)
+) Cách 1:
Theo PTHH: \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
+) Cách 2:
Ta có: \(m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{AlCl_3}=m_{Al}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}=26,7\left(g\right)\)
nAl = \(\frac{4,05}{27}=0,15mol\)
2Al + 6HCl ----> 2AlCl3 + 3 H2
0,15 0,45 0,15 0,225 (mol)
a) nHCl = 0,45 mol
=> mHCl = 0,45 . 36,5 = 16,425 g
b) nAlCl3 = 0,15 mol
=> mAlCl3 = 0,15 . 133,5 = 20,025 g
c) nH2 = 0,225 mol
=> mH2 = 0,225 . 2 = 0,45 g
=> VH2 = 0,225 . 22,4 = 5,04 lit
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,45\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,45.22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 8,1 + 200 - 0,45.2 = 207,2 (g)
Theo PT: \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,3.133,5}{207,2}.100\%\approx19,33\%\)
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
nAl = \(\dfrac{3,375}{27}\)= 0,125 mol
a) Theo tỉ lệ phản ứng => nH2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)nAl = 0,1875 mol
<=> V H2 = 0,1875.22,4 = 4,2 lít
b) nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,125 mol
=> mAlCl3 = 0,125 . 133,5 = 16,6875 gam
Nếu đề cho thể tích sau pư thay đổi không đáng kể thì đó chính là thể tích dd AlCl3 luôn bạn nhé. Còn nếu đề không cho thì ta cũng thường lấy như vậy luôn.