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Đáp án: A
Vì dung dịch rượu gồm rượu etylic và nước nên ta gọi:
n H 2 O = x m o l và n C 2 H 5 O H = y m o l
PTHH:
2 N a + 2 H 2 O → 2 N a O H + H 2 ↑ ( 1 )
x mol → 0,5.x mol
2 N a + 2 C 2 H 5 O H → 2 C 2 H 5 O N a + H 2 ↑
y mol → 0,5.y mol
Ta có hệ phương trình:
18 x + 46 y = 10 , 1 0 , 5 x + 0 , 5 y = 0 , 125 ⇒ x = 0 , 05 y = 0 , 2
V C 2 H 5 O H nguyên chất = m D = 0 , 2 . 46 0 , 8 = 11 , 5 m l
V H 2 O = m D = 10 , 1 - 9 , 2 1 = 0 , 9 m l
=> V d d r ư ợ u = V H 2 O + V C 2 H 5 O H = 0,9 + 11,5 = 12,4 ml
=> Độ rượu D 0 = V C 2 H 5 O H V d d r u o u . 100 = 11 , 5 12 , 4 . 100 = 92 , 74 0
Vì dd rượu gồm rượu etylic và nước nên ta gọi :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n\left(nước\right)=x\\n\left(rượu-etylic\right)=x\end{matrix}\right.\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
2Na + 2H2O - > 2NaOH + H2\(\uparrow\) (1)
..........xmol.........................1/2xmol
2Na + 2C2H5OH - > 2C2H5ONa + H2\(\uparrow\) (2)
............ymol......................................1/2ymol
Ta có HPT : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}18x+46y=10,1\\\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,125\end{matrix}\right.\) => x = 0,05 ; y = 0,2
Ta có :
V(rượu nguyên chất) = \(\dfrac{m}{D}=\dfrac{0,2.46}{0,8}=11,5\left(ml\right)\)
V(nước) = \(\dfrac{m}{D}=\dfrac{10,1-9,2}{1}=0,9\left(ml\right)\)
=> V(dd rượu) = V(nước) + V(rượu nguyên chất) = 0,9 + 11,5
=> độ rượu = \(\dfrac{V\left(rượu-nguyên-chất\right)}{Vdd\left(rượu\right)}.100=\dfrac{11,5}{12,4}.100\approx92,74^o\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2O}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
a --------------------------------------------> 0,5a
2H2O + 2Na ---> 2NaOH + H2
b --------------------------------> 0,5b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+18b=20,2\\0,5a+0,5b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,4\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,4.46=18,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{18,4}{0,8}=23\left(ml\right)\\V_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,8}{1}=1,8\left(ml\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> Độ rượu là: \(\dfrac{23}{23+1,8}=92,74^o\)
nH2 = 85,12 : 22,4 = 3,8 (mol) ; nH2O = VH2O.D = 108 (g) => nH2O = 108/18 = 6 (mol)
PTHH:
2Na + 2C2H5OH → 2C2H5ONa + H2↑
x → 0,5x (mol)
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2↑
6 → 3 (mol)
Ta có: nH2 = 0,5x + 3 = 3,8
=> x = 1,6 (mol) = nC2H5OH
mC2H5OH = 1,6.46 = 73,6 (g)
\(m_{C_2H_5OH\left(nguyên.chất\right)}=\dfrac{0,5.30}{100}=0,15l=150ml\)
\(\rightarrow m_{H_2O}=500-150=350ml\)
\(m_{C_2H_5OH}=150.0,8=120g\)
\(m_{H_2O}=350.1=350g\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{120}{46}=2,6mol\\n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{350}{18}=19,44mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)
2,6 1,3 ( mol )
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
19,44 9,72 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=\left(1,3+9,72\right).22,4=246,848l\)
\(0,5lít=500ml\)
\(m_{C_2H_5OH}=500.0,8=400g\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{400}{46}=8,69mol\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{300}{23}=12,04mol\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)
8,69 < 12,04 ( mol )
8,69 8,69 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=8,96.22,4=200,704l\)
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{300\cdot5\%}{60}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2CH_3COOH+Zn\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)
\(0.25........................................................0.125\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.125\cdot22.4=2.8\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=0.1\cdot2=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\left(ĐK:H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)},t^0\right)\)
\(0.2......................0.2.....................0.2\)
\(\Rightarrow CH_3COOHdư\)
\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0.2\cdot88=17.6\left(g\right)\)
a) n CH3COOH = 300.5%/60 = 0,25(mol)
Zn + 2CH3COOH $\to$ (CH3COO)2Zn + H2
Theo PTHH :
n H2 = 1/2 n CH3COOH = 0,25/2 = 0,125(mol)
V H2 = 0,125.22,4 = 2,8(lít)
b) n C2H5OH = 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)
\(CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \buildrel{{H_2SO_4,t^o}}\over\rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O\)
Ta thấy :
n CH3COOH = 0,25 > n C2H5OH = 0,2 => CH3COOH dư
n CH3COOC2H5 = n C2H5OH = 0,2 mol
=> m CH3COOC2H5 = 0,2.88 = 17,6 gam