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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,032}{22,4}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,18 <------------------------ 0,18
\(\rightarrow n_O=\dfrac{13,92-0,18.56}{16}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,18 : 0,24 = 3 : 4
CTHH Fe3O4
\(V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=\dfrac{4,032}{22,4}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
1 : 1 (mol)
0,18 : 0,18 (mol)
\(yCO+Fe_xO_y\rightarrow^{t^0}xFe+yCO_2\uparrow\)
1 : x (mol)
\(\dfrac{0,18}{x}\) 0,18 (mol)
\(M_{Fe_xO_y}=\dfrac{m}{n}=\dfrac{13,92}{\dfrac{0,18}{x}}=\dfrac{232}{3}x\)
\(\Rightarrow56x+16y=\dfrac{232}{3}x\)
\(\Rightarrow16y=\dfrac{64}{3}x\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{16}{\dfrac{64}{3}}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Rightarrow x=3;y=4\)
-Vậy CTHH của oxit sắt là Fe3O4
a) \(n_O=\dfrac{34,8-25,2}{16}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2O}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) (bảo toàn O)
=> \(n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) (bảo toàn H)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{25,2}{56}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
nFe : nO = 0,45 : 0,6 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4
c) \(m_{H_2O}=0,6.18=10,8\left(g\right)\)
Mà \(d_{H_2O}=1\left(g/ml\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2O}=10,8\left(ml\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}xFe+yH_2O\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_O=n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(n_{Fe}:n_O=x:y=0,02:0,03=2:3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của oxit là Fe2O3
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{300\cdot7,3\%}{36,5}-2n_{H_2}=0,56\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=0,02\cdot56+300-0,02\cdot2=301,08\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,02\cdot127}{301,08}\cdot100\%\approx0,84\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,56\cdot36,5}{301,08}\cdot100\%\approx6,79\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
n HCl = 300.7,3%/36,5 = 0,6(mol)
n H2 = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02(mol)
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
n HCl > 2n H2 nên HCl dư
$n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = 0,02(mol)$
$H_2 + O_{oxit} \to H_2O$
n O(oxit) = n H2 = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03(mol)
Ta có :
n Fe : n O =0,02 : 0,03 = 2 : 3
Vậy oxit là $Fe_2O_3$
b)
m dd = 0,02.56 + 300 -0,02.2 = 301,08(gam)
n HCl dư = 0,6 - 0,02.2 = 0,56(mol)
n FeCl2 = n Fe = 0,02(mol)
Vậy :
C% HCl = 0,56.36,5/301,08 .100% = 6,8%
C% FeCl2 = 0,02.127/301,08 .100% = 0,84%
Đặt CTHH của oxit là \(R_xO_y\left(x,y\in N;x,y>0\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(R_xO_y+yH_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}xR+yH_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{O\left(\text{ox}it\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_R=m_{R_xO_y}-m_{O\left(\text{ox}it\right)}=17,4-0,3.16=12,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{16,425}{36,5}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
Đặt hóa trị của R khi phản ứng với HCl là \(n\left(n\in N;n>0\right)\)
PTHH: \(2R+2nHCl\rightarrow2RCl_n+nH_2\)
\(\dfrac{0,45}{n}\)<-0,45
\(\Rightarrow M_R=\dfrac{12,6}{\dfrac{0,45}{n}}=28n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Chỉ có \(n=2\left(t/m\right)\Rightarrow M_R=28.2=56\left(g/mol\right)\Rightarrow R:Fe\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,45}{2}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{n_O}=\dfrac{0,225}{0,3}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy CTHH của oxit là Fe3O4
CTHH: FexOy
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,2}{x}\)<---------------0,2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,2<-------------------0,2
=> \(M_{Fe_xO_y}=56x+16y=\dfrac{16}{\dfrac{0,2}{x}}=80x\)
=> \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) => CTHH: Fe2O3
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow y=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)xFe+yH_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,02 0,02 ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow x=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,03}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_2O_3\)
\(n_{H_2\left(thu\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
1 : 1 (mol)
0,02 : 0,02 (mol)
\(n_{H_2\left(dùng\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(yH_2+Fe_xO_y\rightarrow^{t^0}xFe+yH_2O\)
y : x (mol)
0,03 : 0,02 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,03}{y}=\dfrac{0,02}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,03}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow x=2;y=3\)
-Vậy CTHH của oxit sắt là Fe2O3.
Thiếu H2SO4 tham gia pư là 49 g!
Oxit kim loại R2Ox
\(n_{H2}=\frac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(R_2O_x+xH_2\rightarrow2R+xH_2O\)
0,4/x____0,4mol_____0,8/x mol
\(n_{H2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\frac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(R+yH_2SO_4\rightarrow R_2\left(SO_4\right)_y+yH_2\)
________ 0,3__________0,3 _________
\(R_2O_x+xH_2SO_4\rightarrow R_2\left(SO_4\right)_x+xH_2O\)
0,2/x_______0,2_____________________
\(n_{R2Ox}=\left(\frac{0,4}{x}+\frac{0,2}{x}\right).\left(2R+16x\right)=34,8\)
Biện luận :
\(x=1\Rightarrow R=21\left(loai\right)\)
\(x=2\Rightarrow R=42\left(laoi\right)\)
\(x=3\Rightarrow R=56\left(Fe\right)\)
Vậy CTHH là Fe2O3