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EXERCISE 1:REPLACE THE UNDERLINED CLAUSES BY A INFINDITIVE OR INFINITIVE PHRASE
1.I don't like him playing in the street.I wish we had a garden that he clould play in.=>for him to play in
2.He simply loves parties.he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.=>to come/ to leave
3.the last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
=>to leave the room must turn off the lights
4.the first man who was intervieswed was entirely unsuitable
=>to be interviewed
5.I've got a bottle of wine but I haven't got anything that I could open it with
=>To open it with
EXERCISE 2: USE REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES IN PLACE OF THE RELATIVE CLAUSES
1.we had a river in which we could swim
=>We had a river to swim.
2.Here are some accounts that you must check
=>Here are some accounts for you to check
3.the last student that was interviewed was tom
=>The last student to be interviewed was Tom.
4.we visited hanoi.which is the capital of vietnam
=>We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN.
5.my father.who is pilot.often goes abroad
=>My father, a pilot, often goes abroad.
6.I was the only one who realized him
=> I was the only one to realize him.
7.I have some homework which I must do tonight
=> I have some homework to do tonight.
8.Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the milky way
=>Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
9.I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel
=>I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming from the room next to mine at the hotel.
10.there are six reports which have to be typed today
=>There are six reports to be typed today.
RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO INFINITIVES
1. The man who is standing there is a clown
-> The man standing there is a clown
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it
-> The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it
3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting poin in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosive
-> Benzene discovered by Faraday became the starting poin in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosive
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house
-> My grandmother, old and sick, never goes out of the house.
5. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday
-> The student don't know how to do the exercise given by the teacher yesterday
6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Six Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
-> The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Six Humphry Davy at the end of 1812
7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator
-> The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator
8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless
-> All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless
9. All students who don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam
-> All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.
10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm
-> I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.
1 Temporary art is a new kind of art.
(Nghệ thuật tạm thời là một loại hình nghệ thuật mới.)
Thông tin: “There has always been a type of art which doesn't last.”
(Luôn có một loại hình nghệ thuật không trường tồn.)
=> Chọn False
2 Artists use sand or chalk in their artwork so that it will exist for a long time.
(Các nghệ sĩ sử dụng cát hoặc phấn trong tác phẩm nghệ thuật của họ để tác phẩm tồn tại lâu dài.)
Thông tin: “it's not that these don't have artistic value, but they are designed to disappear.”
(Không phải những thứ này không có giá trị nghệ thuật, nhưng chúng được thiết kế để biến mất.)
=> Chọn False
3 Jorge Rodríguez-Gerada is an important artist in the field of temporary art.
(Jorge Rodríguez-Gerada là một nghệ sĩ quan trọng trong lĩnh vực nghệ thuật tạm thời.)
Thông tin: “Jorge Rodríguez-Gerada is a modern 'temporary' artist, and one who gets a lot of attention for his work.”
(Jorge Rodríguez-Gerada là một nghệ sĩ 'tạm thời' hiện đại, và là người được chú ý nhiều nhờ tác phẩm của mình.")
=> Chọn True
4 His work is very quick to create.
(Tác phẩm của anh ấy được tạo ra rất nhanh.)
Thông tin: “his pieces take a long time to plan and create.”
(các tác phẩm của anh ấy mất nhiều thời gian để lên kế hoạch và sáng tạo.)
=> Chọn False
5 He uses maps to plan his artwork.
(Anh ấy sử dụng bản đồ để lên kế hoạch cho tác phẩm nghệ thuật của mình.)
Thông tin: “"In fact, GPS mapping is used to set out the design.”
(Trên thực tế, bản đồ GPS được sử dụng để thiết kế.)
=> Chọn True
6 A lot of people help him to create his art.
(Rất nhiều người giúp anh ấy tạo ra tác phẩm nghệ thuật.)
Thông tin: “He uses groups of volunteers to help him, and his pieces take a long time to plan and create.”
(Anh ấy sử dụng các nhóm tình nguyện viên để giúp đỡ anh ấy, và các tác phẩm của anh ấy mất nhiều thời gian để lên kế hoạch và sáng tạo.)
=> Chọn True
7 Jorge's artwork called Of the Many, One was part of a new garden design for the National Mall.
(Tác phẩm nghệ thuật của Jorge có tên Of the Many, One là một phần của thiết kế sân vườn mới cho National Mall.)
Thông tin: “It covered an area of 25,000 square metres, and it was created because the mall was getting new gardens, and the land wasn't going to be used for a while.”
(Nó có diện tích 25.000 mét vuông, và nó được tạo ra bởi vì trung tâm thương mại đang có những khu vườn mới và khu đất sẽ không được sử dụng trong một thời gian.)
=> Chọn True
8 The artwork does not exist anymore.
(Tác phẩm nghệ thuật không còn tồn tại nữa.)
Thông tin: “The portrait has disappeared, but it will not easily be forgotten.”
(Bức chân dung đã biến mất, nhưng nó sẽ không dễ bị lãng quên.)
=> Chọn True
chosen for the mission
=> who were chosen for the mission
(người được chọn cho nhiệm vụ)
watched by millions on TV
=> which was watched by millions on TV
(được hàng triệu người xem trên TV)
explaining how they lived and worked in zero gravity
=> which explained how they lived and worked in zero gravity
(giải thích cách họ sống và làm việc trong môi trường không trọng lực)
noticing a red warning light
=> who noticed a red warning light
(người mà nhận thấy đèn cảnh báo màu đỏ)
floating 320,000 kilometres from Earth.
=> which was floating 320,000 kilometers from Earth
(đang trôi nổi cách Trái đất 320.000 km)
Relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives
1. The street which leads to the school is very wide
-> The street leading to the school is very wide
2. The system which is used here is very succesful
-> The system used here is very successful.
3. John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor
-> John teaching my son is my neighbor
4. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London
-> Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London
5. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam
-> The candicates sitting for the exams are all from Vietnam
6. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980
-> We are driving on the road built in1980
7. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager
-> Customers complaining about the service should see the manager
8. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
-> The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt
9. My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm
-> My brother meeting you yesterday works for a big firm
10. The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals
-> The vegetable sold in this shop are grown without chemicals
1 The word astronaut, which is formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.
=> The word astronaut, formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.
(Từ phi hành gia, được hình thành từ hai từ tiếng Hy Lạp, có nghĩa là 'thủy thủ ngôi sao'.)
2 Only flights which reach an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.
=> Only flights reaching an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.
(Chỉ những chuyến bay đạt độ cao từ 100 km trở lên mới được coi là chuyến bay vào vũ trụ.)
3 NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme which they have to complete after twenty months.
=> NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme to complete after twenty months.
(Những phi hành gia của NASA được giao một chương trình huấn luyện khó khăn để hoàn thành sau hai mươi tháng.)
4 Astronauts who spend long periods in space do exercises which have been designed to keep them strong.
=> Astronauts spending long periods in space do exercises designed to keep them strong.
(Các phi hành gia dành thời gian dài trong không gian để thực hiện các bài tập nhằm giúp họ khỏe mạnh.)
5 Spacecraft which intend to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.
=> Spacecraft intending to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.
(Tàu vũ trụ muốn thoát khỏi lực hấp dẫn của Trái đất cần đạt tốc độ khoảng 40.000 km/h.)
6 The film Apollo 13, which was made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
=> The film Apollo 13, made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
(Bộ phim Apollo 13 được sản xuất năm 1995 là một bộ phim về du hành vũ trụ rất thú vị nên xem.)