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Polyester is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories’ producing “Melinar” , the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies : like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in grant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming.The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI’s commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
1.Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles
A. since 1982.
B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles.
C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them.
D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them.
2. Why is ICI’s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?
A. The other things they make are not selling well.
B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.
C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it.
D. The price of oil keeps changing.
3. Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester? (Câu này mk hk chắc)
A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.
B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.
C. The public like traditional glass bottles.
D. Shop keepers dislike re-usable bottles.
4. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they
A. are cheaper.
B. are more suited to small sizes.
C. are more exciting to look at.
D. do not break easily.
5. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans
A. have been used for many years.
B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies.
C. are possible, but only for hot food.
D. are the first things being made in the new factories.
Question 1: Supply the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. It is crucial that Dido stops using Quang Ha
2. I will ring the bell one more time. If he doesn't answer, I think he must have gone out
3. I am sorry about the noise last night. We were having a party
4. The man who was rescued had been in the sea for ten hours
5. A great deal of time is being spent on his exercis
6. We want to be paid better wages
7. People always blame their circumstances for what they are
8. You will be stopped by a policeman if you try to cross the road now
Question 2: Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the following passage.
1. refusal 2. communication 3. pollution 4. thoughtless 5. neighborhood
6. action 7. suggestions 8. politely 9. successful 10. advice
Question 3: Fill in each numbered blank with a suitable word
1. place 2. these 3. more 4. which 5. several
6. phrases 7. Second 8. used 9. an 10. help
Question 4: Read the text then choose the correct answer
1B 2C 3C 4D
Question 5: a/ Each line in the following passage has a spare word; Underline that word and write it in the blanks given.
0. for 1. for 2. much 3. time 4. today 5. lot
6. with 7. more 8. it 9. have 10. able
b/ Fill in the blanks with a suitable prepositions
1. George fell off the ladder while he was painting the ceiling
2. We stopped everyone from leaving the building
3. Admission to university depends on examination results
4. Don't use that dictionary. It is out of date. Find one that is up to date
Question 6: Do as directed
1. Not only did my friend have excellent ideas, but he did a good job as well
2. Neither his explanation nor the examples he gives are clear
3. It is said that the price of gold is going up
4. He asked me when I would give that book back to him
5. Seldom years ago did people travel far from home
6. He was given a gift, and you were as well
7. No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this
8. He made a great discovery and was very proud of it
9. Lan found difficulty in accepting the situation
10. Thanks to the new technology applied in their fields, the farmers raised the output of rice
dịch ra
Chiếc xe đạp là một cách rẻ tiền và sạch sẽ để đi du lịch. Chiếc xe đạp đầu tiên được chế tạo cách đây khoảng một trăm năm mươi năm. Lúc đầu, xe đạp đắt tiền. Chỉ những người giàu mới có thể mua một cái. Những chiếc xe đạp đầu này trông rất khác với chiếc xe chúng ta có ngày nay. Sau đó, khi xe đạp trở nên rẻ hơn, nhiều người đã mua một chiếc. Mọi người bắt đầu đi xe đạp để làm việc và trong thời gian rảnh rỗi của họ.
Ngày nay, người ta sử dụng xe hơi nhiều hơn xe đạp; xe hơi nhanh hơn nhiều và bạn không bị ướt khi trời mưa! Nhưng một số người vẫn thích chu kỳ làm việc. Họ nói rằng có quá nhiều ô tô ở trung tâm thị trấn và bạn không thể tìm thấy bất cứ nơi nào để đỗ xe.
I: Read the pasage and answer the questions:
Nylon was invented in the early 1930s by an American chemist, Julian Hill. Other scientists worked with his invention and finally on 27 October 1938, nylon was introduced to the world. It was cheap and strong and immediately became successful, especially in the making of ladies’ stockings.
During the Second World War, the best present for many women was a pair of nylon stockings, but more importantly, it was used to make parachutes and tyres. Today, nylon is found in many things: carpets, ropes, seat belts, furniture, computers, and even spare parts of human body. It has played an important part in our lives for over 50 years. Next year, about 36 million tons of it will be manufactured.
1. Who iss Julian Hill ?
=>Julian Hill who invented Nylon in the early 1930s
2. When ứa nylon first introduced to the world ?
=>on 27 October 1938
3. What do they use nylon for ?
=>they use nylon for carpets, ropes, seat belts, furniture, computers, and even spare parts of human body.
4. What is 'it' in the last sentence replaced for?
=>It is Nylon
V. Fill in the space in each following sentence with a suitable phrasal verb or a connective in the box.
,, ,, , ,,, ,, ,
1. Remember to....turn off....the cassette player before going to bed.
2. Scientists have found a way to produce silicon in long sheets similar to the way plastic for plastic bag is made today.....therefore .., the cost of unit of solar energy will soon fall.
3. The bus was full. We couldn't............
4. It's her duty to collect plastic bags...and...put different kinds of waste in places different
5. Many cells must be used to create a reasonable amount of electriciy........however...., technology can be developed to make the cell more efficient.
t plastic bags..put different 4.
6. People should use more solar energy.....because.......it is cheap, clean and unlimited.
7. If you don't pay your electricity bill soon, you will be.......cut off.....
8. We are working in the same school.....moreover........, we are close friends.
9. Our parents..look after..us very carefully.
10. Scientists are trying to....look for.......other energies.
11. She was interested in studying French,....but....she wasn't good at French.
12. It's dark in here, pleas....turn on......the lights.
VI. Read the passage carefully, then choose the coorect answers.
The word jeans comes from a kind of material that was made in Europe. The material, called jean, was named after sailors from Genoa in Italy, because they wore clothes made from it. In the 18th century jean cloth was made completely from cotton and workers at that time loved wearing it because the material was very strong and it did not wear out easily. In the 1960s, many university and college students wore jeans. Designers made different styles of jeans to match the 1960s' fashion: embroidered jeans, painted jeans and so on.
In the 1970s more and more people started. wearing jeans because they became cheaper. In the 1980s jeans finally became high fashion clothing, when famous designers started making their own styles of jeans, with their own labels on them. Sales of jeans went up and up. But in thie 1990s the worldwidel economic situation got worse, and the sale of jeans stopped growing. However, jeans have never been out of fashion, and today young generation is still fond of wearing them.
32. The material thatywas used to make jeans first came from.....................
a. Asia b. Europe c. America d. Africa
33. In the 18th century, workers wore jean cloth bocause...............
a. the material was very strong
b. the material was the cheapest
c. the material could hardly wear out
d. both a and c are correct
34. In the 1960s, jeans became popular with................
a. teenagers
b. workers c. designers d. sailors
35. In the 1970s, more and more people wore jeans because...................
a. there were labels on them
c. thoy became choaper
b. theire were different styles of jeans
d. they were high fashion clothing
36. Nowadays, jeans are................
a. out of fashion
c. developing continuously
b. thei highest fashion chothing
d. popular with young people
1 D
2 B
3 D
4 A
5 D
I. Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
Before the invention of plastic: Before plastic, the only materials that could be molded into different shapes were clay and glass. However, both of these materials are heavy and break easily. This is why plastic was a big improvement.
Today, plastic is used in almost everything, from shopping bags and bottles to chairs and cars. Plastic has conquered the world. But do you know how it was first made?
1862 - Parkesine
The first man-made plastic was created by Alexander Parkes, who introduced it at the 1862 Great International Exhibition in London. It was called Parkesine, and it was made from plant materials. Once heated, it could be molded, and it held its shape when cooled. Also, it could be made colored or transparent. However, it was too expensive to produce for common use.
1866 - Celluloid
In the 19th century, billiards was so popular that a lot of elephants were being killed for their ivory, which was used to make billiard balls. So, people tried to find a substitute. A U.S. billiard ball company offered a prize of $10,000 to the person who could design the best substitute for natural ivory. In 1866, John Wesley Hyatt created Celluloid while trying to win the prize. Although he failed to win, Celluloid was later used to make many products, including false teeth, piano keys, and ping pong balls.
1909 - Bakelite
Leo Baekeland created Bakelite in 1909. Made entirely of artificial materials, it was the first true plastic. It was inexpensive, and it kept its shape when heated. Soon, it was being used in many things, including electrical products and jewelry. Since then, many other plastics have been developed.
Today - Petroleum
Today, most plastics are produced from non-natural materials made from petroleum. They are light, flexible, strong, and cheap. Despite all these advantages, there is one problem: plastic waste breaks down slowly and toxic chemicals can leak from it. Therefore, people are trying to develop less harmful plastics.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Plastic is harmful to many plants and crops.
B. New materials are currently being created to replace plastic.
C. Plastic was originally invented as a substitute for petroleum.
D. Plastic has been developed and improved over a long period of time.
2. Which item was NOT made with Celluloid?
A. ping pong balls B. billiard balls C. false teeth D. piano keys
3. Which was an advantage of Bakelite?
A. It broke down very slowly. B. It didn’t contain any chemicals.
C. It could be used to store petroleum. D. It could be heated without changing shape.
4. What can be inferred about Parkesine?
A. It wasn’t as strong as ivory. B. It could not be seen through.
C. It cost more to make than Bakelite. D. It was named after a billiard ball company.
5. Which can replace the word “produce” in line 8?
A. discover B. analyze B. introduce D. manufacture