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I. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences :
1. Detroit ....................... as the first capital city of Michigan, but now Lansing is the capital city of Michigan.
A. chosen |
B. was chosen |
C. have been chosen |
D. is chosen |
2. The university of Michigan is one of the best universities in the United States and it ................ in Ann Arbor
A. located |
B. location |
C. is located |
D. locates |
3. There ................. be a fire over there as I see smoke from here.
A. must |
B. should |
C. might |
D. could |
4. Our organization seeks to improve the social ................. of disable people.
A. stand |
B. seat |
C. status |
D. place |
5. There .................. a new law to protect endangered species if we don’t want them to disappear from the earth.
A. must to be |
B. needs to be |
C. might be |
D. may be |
6. The role of women of society has been greatly ................. in the last few years.
A. overtaken |
B. overcome |
C. overcast |
D. overlooked |
7. “ “ in the sentence below is not correct. You mustn’t take the test if you don’t want to . It’s optional
A B C D
8. Wage ................ exists when workers are equally qualified and perform the same work but one group of worker is paid more than another.
A. equality |
B. payment |
C. discrimination |
D. income |
9. For many ................... parents, balacing their jobs and their family obligations can be a challenge.
A. worked |
B. working |
C. work |
D. career |
10. After her parents died, she ................... by her uncle and aunt.
A. was grown up |
B. was brought up |
C. brought up |
D. was brought |
11. Siobhan and Ray have just ...................... engaged.
A. been |
B. become |
C. get |
D. got |
12. Although males seem to have ................ in many ancient cultures, ancient Egypt still had female rulers, such as Cleopatra.
A. dominating |
B. domination |
C. dominated |
D. dominate |
13. Each district was ................ up into a number of sub-divisions.
A. split |
B. splitted |
C. divided |
D. dividing |
14. Recent laws that prohibit specific types of job discrimination in certain workplaces have promoted ................... in the USA.
A. equal property |
B. equal opportunity in annual income |
C. equal income |
D. equal employment opportunity |
15. Most of the space in his room ...................... by an enormous wardrobe.
A. has taken up |
B. took up |
C. is taken up |
D. takes up |
16. Does it bother you if I go out late tonight ? - ...................................
A. Yes, go ahead |
B. It doesn’t matter to me |
C. No. I want you to stay at home |
D. I’m tired of being with you |
17. Mark gets special ........................... because he knows the boss
A. treatment |
B. cure |
C. treat |
D. instruction |
18. Fathers tend to .................. more household chores and responsibilities than ever before
A. take up |
B. take in |
C. take off |
D. take on |
19. I’m against .................................
A. violating |
B. violent |
C. violence |
D. violate |
20. Hundreds of people ....................... the job in the company but only five workers were employed.
A. asked for |
B. appointed |
C. recruited |
D. applied for |
II. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences :
1. In some companies, it is suggested that female officers should be supported by their male co-workers
A. colleges |
B. colleagues |
C. villages |
D. collectors |
2. John:I suppose that woring mothers are good educators for their children- Mary: “..................................”
A. I agree with you. They know little about educating
B. I couldn’t agree more.They are able teach them at home
C. That’s true. They don’t know how to teach their chidren
D. Because educators are teachers
3. In order to be .................... for this position, candidates must have not only an MA degree but also work experience.
A. qualify |
B. quality |
C. qualified |
D. qualification |
4. Taking part in social activities and interacting with different cultures widen their knowledge and gradually ................
Them
A. nature |
B. mature |
C. future |
D. picture |
5. “The protestors couldn’t persuade the president to change the law” has the closest meaning to :
A. The president couldn’t be persuaded to change the laws B. The president couldn’t persuaded to change the laws
C. The president couldn’t be persuade to change the laws D. The president couldn’t persuade to change the laws
6. The afternoon meeting...................... because three of the five commitee memberse unable to attend
A. might postpone |
B. might postponed |
C. might be postpone |
D. might be postponed |
7. dental appointments ................... so as not to conflict with school commitments
A. should be arranged |
B. should not be arranged |
C. should be arrange |
D. should not arrange |
8. This beer can be served .................. beersteak
A. from |
B. by |
C. with |
D.as |
9. Many parents think that fast food .................. in schools
A. should not sold |
B. should not be sell |
C. should be not sold |
D. should not be sold |
10. Jenny and Jim have been looking for a caretaker to look after their parents who are both old and sick in their house
A. test taker |
B. caregiver |
C. test giver |
D. checker |
11. Modules ...................... in the minimum amount of time
A. cannot always be completed |
B. cannot be completed always |
C. can always be not completed |
D. can be not always completed |
12. The return of assignment , exams and final grades ................... by lecturers’ time.
A. could affected |
B. could be affected |
C. could affect |
D. could be affect |
13. A study guide .................... by all Independent Study students
A. must be purchase |
B. must purchased |
C. must be purchased |
D. must purchase |
14. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others.
A. pursue |
B. courage |
C. hobby |
D. standard |
15. Both gender should be provided ....................equal rights to education, employment and healthcare
A. from |
B. by |
C. with |
D. on |
III. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. Somebody has to pick the visitors up from the airport ( up )
® The visitors have to be picked up from the airport
2. Why don’t they tell me about these changes earlier ? ( should )
® I should have been told about these changes earlier.
3. Luckily it wasn’t neccessary for Jim to take the exam again ( need )
® Luckily Jim didn't need to re-take the exam.
4. In the end I had no choice but to get a lift with a colleague ( could )
® In the end all I could do was to get a lift with a colleague
5. By law, all rear-seat passengers are obliged to wear seat-belts ( have )
® By law, seat-belts have to be worn by all rear-seat passengers
6. It may seem strange but I like stake cake ! ( as )
® Strange as it may seem I like stake cake !
7. Visitors to the zoo are not allowed to feed the animals ( must )
® The animals must not be fed by visitors to the zoo
8. I would have been better If he had told us his new address ( should )
® He should have told us his new address
9. Alice’s face turned bright red when the teacher asked her a question ( have)
® Alice must have been embarrassed.
10. The notice says you have to sign the form twice ( be )
® The notice says the forms has to be signed twice.
IV. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. It’s not neccessary for you to do the test ® You don't have to do the test.
2. Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice ® It can't be denied that she has a beautiful voice.
3. They will catch all the prisoners again tonight ® All the prisoners will be catched again tonight.
4. They haven’t cleaned the street this week ® The streets haven't been cleaned this week.
5. He could repair the broken vase ® The broken vase could be repaired by him.
6. The could not trace who had supplied the information in the first place ® The sourse of the information couldn't be traced.
7. I gave Tom the message, but he already knew about it ® I needn’t have given Tom the message.
8. It’s a pity you didn’t come to the party because you’d have loved it ®You should have come to the party.
9. It is essential that no one be told about our plans ® You mustn't tell anyone else about our plans.
London, which is the capital city of the United Kingdom, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. It has a population of about 7 million. Situated in Southern England, on the River Thames, the city covers an area of 1610 square kilometers.
London is famous for many things. Tourists come from all over the world to visit its historic buildings, such as St. Pauls Cathedral, and the Houses of Parliament. They also come to visit its theatres, its museums and its many shops. The most famous shop is Harrods, where you can buy almost anything.
The best thing about London is the parks. There are five of them in the city centre. They cover a large area of the city, and are ideal places for people to get away from the noisy and busy city life, and relax.
36. What does the word its in the second paragraph refer to?
A. River Thames B. United Kingdoms C. Londons D. Northern Englands
37. What is the most famous shop in London?
A. Houses of Parliament B. St. Pauls Cathedral
C. Harrods D. Thames
38. How many parks are there in the city centre of London?
A. 5 B. 3 C. 10 D. 7
39. By whom was London founded?
A. The British B. The Greeks C. The Romans D. The English
Pick out the word which has the underlined and bold part pronounced differently from the rest: (1m)
1. A. here B.cheer C. atmosphere D. where
2. A. teach B.much C. school D. choice
3. A. called B. organized C. happened D. filled ???
4. A. about B. bench C. but D. comb
II.Choose the best answer: (5.5 ms)
5. Whales are the most intelligent …………that has ever lived on Earth.
A. animal B. plant C. fish D. tree
6. Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest.
A. changing B. raising C. becoming D. damaging
7. Many sea animals are at..........................due to hunting and water pollution.
A. loss B. death C. risk D. danger
8.We………………..use herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers that harm the environment
A. should not B. should
C. will D. does not
9. A: I don’t know how to use this camera?
B: It's quite easy. ……........... you
A. I going to show
B. I'll show C. I’m will show D. I’m going to show
10.The animals are not kept in …………..they can live in their natural environment A. cages B. house C. hotel D. restaurant
11. If you ………… to me, you wouldn’t have got so much trouble.
A. listened B. would listen C. had listened D. would have listened
12. There is a large …………….. of animals that live in Nairobi National Park. A. varied B. vary C. variety D. various
13. My home village is …………….. 40 kilometres north of the capital. A. held B. surrounded C. laid D. located
14. Would you like………………………. lunch with us? ”.
B: “Yes I’d love to”.
A. have B. to have C. having D. had
15.If you don’t know how to spell a word, you ……… look it up in the dictionary. A. must B. will C. should D. ought
16. These flowers are fresh. They .................... from the garden
A. have been just picked B. have just been picked C. have been picked just D. just have been picked
17. You .............. go to bed late. It’s not good for your health.
A. mustn’t B. should C. shouldn’t D. oughtn’t
18. Linda: Excuse me. Where’s the post office? Maria: ……………….
A. It’s over there B. I’m afraid not. C. Don’t worry. D. Yes, I think so.
19. I think you ................study hard for the next exam.
A. could B. will C. would D. should
20.The life ......... of sperm whale can be up to seventy years.
A. distance B. period C. length D. span
21.If Lan had worn a rain coat, she ............... a cold A. had got B. wouldn’t get C. won’t get D. wouldn’t have got
22. The child’s arm was swollen because he ……………….. by a bee. A. stung B. had stung C. had being stung D. had been stung
23. Some plants and animals are ________ organisms because they are extremely small. A. huge B. tiny C. big D. oversized
24. By the end of last summer, the farmers .............all the crop. A. harvested B. had harvested C. harvest D. are harvested
25. What would Tom do if he ______ the truth? A. would know B. has known C. know D. knew
26. Sperm whales prefer the waters with high ________ populations, which are their main diet. A. turtle B. squid C. shark D. sea lion
III. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting. (1.25 ms)
27.My parents(A) often take careful(B) =>care of me when(C) I am ill(D).
28. Many(A) people think(B) this novel(C) ửiting=>is written (D) by Ngo Tat To
29.Children(A) shouldn’t to =>bỏ spend(B) too much(C) time playing(D) computer game..
30. A new(A) law(B) has passed(C)=>has been passed to protect(D) the national parks.
31. Many new roads is(A) =>are being built(B) in this city(C) at the moment(D
Choose the right word or phrase best completes the sentence:
1. Three weeks _______not enough holiday.
A. are B. were C. was D. been
2. Each of you ____ a share in the work.
A. having B. has C. to have D. have
3. A number of students ____ volunteered to the job.
A. have B. has C. to have D. having
4. Linguistics ____ out the ways in which languages work.
A. find B. finding C. to find D. finds
5. The Philippines ____ of more than 7,000 islands.
A. consist B. consisting C. consisted D. consists
6. The United Nations ____ its head quarters in New York city.
A. have B. having C. has D. to have
7. One of my neighbours ____ curious about other people’s private life.
A. being B. were C. is D. been
8. Tom doesn’t agree but the rest of us ____.
A. does B. done C. do D. doing
9. There ____ a few flowers in this garden last summer.
A. being B. were C. are D. is
10. A large number of reporters ____ at the meeting yesterday.
A. being B. were C. are D. is
11. Much progress ____ been made in recent years.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
12. Collecting old coins and paper notes ____ one of my hobbies.
A. being B. were C. are D. is
13. The number of pupils getting poor marks since the beginning of the semester ____ appalling.
A. to be B. have been C. are D. is
14. Five thousand pounds ____ stolen in the robbery last night.
A. being B. were C. are D. was
15. Mr. Thomson with his wife and his three children ____ abroad.
A. to be B. have been C. are D. is
16. One of the girls who ____ working in this department ____ my niece.
A. is/being B. are/is C. is/are D. was/were
17. The English ____ to drink tea.
A. likes B. to like C. like D. has liked
18. Everybody ____ trying to do their best at present.
A. to be B. have been C. are D. is
19. Jim as well as I ____ always busy doing English homework.
A. am B. has been C. are D. is
20. Neither Daisy nor I ____ glad to do that.
A. am B. has been C. are D. is
21. That you take a computer course ____ very necessary.
A. am B. have been C. are D. is
22. The police ____ come to the site of the accident.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
23. The pilot along with his passengers ____ rescued last night.
A. am B. have been C. was D. is
24. What we need most ____ books.
A. is B. were C. are D. to be
25. My brother together with his friends often ____ in the park.
A. jogs B. jogging C. jog D. to jog
26. Neither he nor they ____ here yesterday.
A. are B. were C. is D. be
27. Either John or his children ____ breakfast each morning.
A. make B. makes C. making D. to make
28. I don’t like the hot weather. Thirty degrees ____ too warm for me.
A. was B. are C. being D. is
29. Not only a dog but also two cats ____ at home in his garage.
A. was B. are C. been D. is
30. Both a poem and a short story ____ been written by the young author.
A. has B. to have C. have D. having
Choose the right word or phrase best completes the sentence:
1. Three weeks _______not enough holiday.
A. are B. were C. was D. been
2. Each of you ____ a share in the work.
A. having B. has C. to have D. have
3. A number of students ____ volunteered to the job.
A. have B. has C. to have D. having
4. Linguistics ____ out the ways in which languages work.
A. find B. finding C. to find D. finds
5. The Philippines ____ of more than 7,000 islands.
A. consist B. consisting C. consisted D. consists
6. The United Nations ____ its head quarters in New York city.
A. have B. having C. has D. to have
7. One of my neighbours ____ curious about other people’s private life.
A. being B. were C. is D. been
8. Tom doesn’t agree but the rest of us ____.
A. does B. done C. do D. doing
9. There ____ a few flowers in this garden last summer.
A. being B. were C. are D. is
10. A large number of reporters ____ at the meeting yesterday.
A. being B. were C. are D. is
11. Much progress ____ been made in recent years.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
12. Collecting old coins and paper notes ____ one of my hobbies.
A. being B. were C. are D. is
13. The number of pupils getting poor marks since the beginning of the semester ____ appalling.
A. to be B. have been C. are D. is
14. Five thousand pounds ____ stolen in the robbery last night.
A. being B. were C. are D. was
15. Mr. Thomson with his wife and his three children ____ abroad.
A. to be B. have been C. are D. is
16. One of the girls who ____ working in this department ____ my niece.
A. is/being B. are/is C. is/are D. was/were
17. The English ____ to drink tea.
A. likes B. to like C. like D. has liked
18. Everybody ____ trying to do their best at present.
A. to be B. have been C. are D. is
19. Jim as well as I ____ always busy doing English homework.
A. am B. has been C. are D. is
20. Neither Daisy nor I ____ glad to do that.
A. am B. has been C. are D. is
21. That you take a computer course ____ very necessary.
A. am B. have been C. are D. is
22. The police ____ come to the site of the accident.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
23. The pilot along with his passengers ____ rescued last night.
A. am B. have been C. was D. is
24. What we need most ____ books.
A. is B. were C. are D. to be
25. My brother together with his friends often ____ in the park.
A. jogs B. jogging C. jog D. to jog
26. Neither he nor they ____ here yesterday.
A. are B. were C. is D. be
27. Either John or his children ____ breakfast each morning.
A. make B. makes C. making D. to make
28. I don’t like the hot weather. Thirty degrees ____ too warm for me.
A. was B. are C. being D. is
29. Not only a dog but also two cats ____ at home in his garage.
A. was B. are C. been D. is
30. Both a poem and a short story ____ been written by the young author.
A. has B. to have C. have D. having
EX1:
1. In most major cities of the United States, the mayor....... by a simple majority
a. is being elected
b. is elected
c. had been elected
d. were being elected
2. The traditions in our family ........ from generation, and I expect this will continue in the future
a. are going to be passed down
b. were being passed down
c. may have been passed
d. have been passed down
3. My passport...... last year while I was on vacation
a. is stolen
b. was stolen
c. will be stolen
d. was being stolen
4. Most of the email accounts at our company ..... by a virus last week
a. affected
b. was affected
c. were affected
d. have been affected
5. Over 400 babies ..... in our community last year
a. born
b. be born
c. are born
d. were born
6. It...is believed.....that supplies of oil and natural gas may be exhausted in under 100 years
7. Where.........that only men can become president of this club?
a it is written
b. is it written
c. is it being written
d. be believed
8. I think students..... to major in the sciences at this university for the past several years.
a.was being encouraged
b. are being encouraged
c. should be encouraged
d. have been encouraged
9. ...... a tour of the facilities? It is important for you to see everything
a. were you given
b. you could be given
c, you had been given
d, are you given
10. Many issues ....... at the meeting by the time you arrived
a. are raised
b. raised
c. had been raised
d, have been raised
11. Many important but rare species of plants ........ in the Amazon
a, finds
b. are finding
c. are found
d. is found
12. The people in the last row were ..... first
a.seating
b, seat
c. seated
d. been seated
13. Where..............?
a. those photos were taken
b, were those photos taken
c, have been taking those photos
d. those photos have been taken
14. Details of the accident will........ some time tomorrow
a. release
b, be released
c. are released
d, being released
15. In the past, it was...... that the sun revolved around the Earth
a. thinking
b, think
c, has thought
d, thought
16. Congratulations to Dr. Casey. She has ..... a" first- class sufgeon" by a national journal
a. be named
b, being named
c, been naming
d. been named
PASSIVE VOICE
I. Choose the best option to complete each sentence.
1. "Are we about to have dinner?". "Yes, it _____ in the dinning room".
A. is serving B. serves C. is being served D. served
2. "The maintenance people didn't remove the chairs from the ballroom".
"Don't worry. They _____ them before the dance begins".
A. will have been moved B. will have moved C. were moved D. moved
3. Gold_____ in California in the nineteenth century.
A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discovered
4. _____ that military spending is extremely high.
A. We are felt B. It feels C. It is felt D. We feel that it is
5. All planes_____ before departure.
A. will checked B. will has checked C. will be checked D. will been checked
6. I wanted_____ by the head of the company, but it was impossible.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. being to see
7. The whole building _____ after the earthquake.
A. the fire is said to completely destroyed. B. is said to have been completely destroyed.
C. was said to have completely destroyed. C. said to have completely destroyed.
8. This house _____ before 1970 by my grandfather.
A. built B. was built C. had built D. had been built
9. The robbers _____by the police.
A. Have arrested B. Have been arrested C. Was arrested D. Had arrested
10. Robert always hates _____by other children.
A. teasing B. being teased C. to be teased D. to tease
11. The student _____ for lying by the teacher this morning.
A. Has been punished B. Punished C. Is punished D. Was punished
12. The inmates of the juvenile home_____well by their caretakers.
A. Were not being treated B. Were not treating C. Have not being treated D. Was not being treated
13. Her homework _____ before her mother asked her to do so.
A. hasdone B. has been done C. had been done D. had done
14. The injured _____ to the hospital in an ambulance.
A. Were taking B. Was taking C. Have taken D. Were taken
15. We can’t go along here because the road _____.
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repaires
16. Our rooms _____ by Sam now.
A. was repaired B. are being repaired C. were being repaired D. Have been repaired
17. Why don’t you have the roof _____by your brother?
A repaired B. repair C. repairs D. to repair
18. The man died because medical help was not summoned. A doctor should _____.
A. be have called B. been called C. be called D. have been called
19. My baby _____ a bath when you called.
A. was taking B. was being taken C. had taken D. Had been taken
20. Many US automobiles _____ in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
I/ CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
1. i haven't eaten anything since i ...... home from football practice
a. have got b. had gotten c. got d. will get
2. dr. lam ............ about the life time of sharks for many year and ....... some awards so far
a. have studied/ had gotten b. had studied/ had gotten
c. has studied/ has gotten d. studied/ will get
3. a large hydroelectric ...... was built on the river Danube
a. power b. dam c. bank d. wall
4. water can be held on the land by vegetation
a. plants used as food b. grown trees c. the growth of plants d. plants and trees
5. .......... air makes people unpleasant to breathe
a. pollute b. pollution c. polluted d. polluting
6. we are now facing the possible ........ of several rare spceies
a. danger b. variety c. existence d. dissappearance
7. of the six people in the plan when it crashed only one......
a. existed b. lived c. hurt d. survived
8. the cattle drank from a river polluted with toxic chemicals
a. waste b. colorless c. odorless d. poisonous
9. the charity is totally dependent .... money from the public
a. from b. in c. upon d. with
10. when the wastes are poured into the atmosphere the air becomes contaminated and unpleasant to breathe
a. dense b. dirty c. upon d. with
11. they were sent to a local ........ right after theirr parent's death
a. orphanage b. hospital c. park d. prison
12. cuc phuong national park is ......... 160km south west of hanoi
a. lied b. established c. abandoned d. located
13. nearly 1000 of the world's bird species are ........ with extinction
a. threatened b. endangered c. protected d. abandoned
14. many people come to the nation parks to see the work being done to protect endangered species
a. plants or animals that may be dangerous to people
b. plants or animals that disappeared form the world
c. plants or animals that are about to die
d. plants or animals that may soon become extinct
15. rare species of plants or ........ can be found in this region
a. fauna b. flora c. flowers d. vegetation
16. the hydroelectric plant provides electricity for half the island's population
a. using hydrogen to produce electricity
b. using radiating energy to produce electricity
c. using water power to produce electricity
d. using tidal power to produce electricity
17. the whale is a(n) .............species, there must be laws to protect them or they will be extinct
a. endanger b. dangerous c. endangered d. endangering
18. if someone........you, say' thank you" to him
a. helps b. helped c. will help d. would help
19. ............. you, i would think twice about that deccision. it could be a bad move
a. if i am b. should i be. c. were i d. if i had been
20. if i weren't working for an electrical company, i ......... in the post office
a. work b. will work c. have worked d. would be working
21. why are you sitting in the dark. let's just sa that if i ..... my electricity bill last month. I.... in the dark now
a. paid/ wouldn't be b. paid/ won't be c. had paid/ wouldn't have been d. had paid/wouldn't be
22. why did tom keep making jokes about me? i don't enjoy .........
a. be laughed at b. to be lauged at c. laughing at d. being lauged at
23. if the world's tropical forest continue to disappear at their present rate. many animal species.....
a. became b. would have become c. will become d. would become
24. ....... resigned, we would have been forced to sack him
a. had he not b. hadn't be c. he had not d. he not had
25. i won't lend you this money..... you promise to pay it back
a. in case b. if c. otherwise d. unless
26. if you ......... us about the bad service, we'd have eaten there
a. didn't tell b. wouldn;t have told c. hadn't told d. had told
27. diana is a wonderfull ballet dancer. she ........ since she was four
a. would be dancing b. has been danced c. has danced d. was danced
28. if he ..... with us last weekend, he............ the beauty of the national park
a. were/ would enjoy b. was/ would be enjoying c. had been/ would enjoy d. had been/ would have enjoyed
29 . that part of the nation park ......... several times this year
a. is repaired b. has repaired c. repaired d. has been repaired
II/ choose the words or phrases that best complete this passage
cuc phuong, the first national park in viet nam was officially open in 1960. it (1).........160km south of west of hanoi spainning ninh binh , hoa binh and thanh hoa province. cuc phuong national park (2)............over 200 spare km of rainforest. it attracks (3)....... tourists and scientists. in 2002, nearly 100000 visitors made their way to cuc phuong. tourists come there to study butterfies, visit caves, hike mountain and look at the (4) ..... tree. many come to see the work done to protect (5)....... species. according, to scientists, there about 2000 different species of (6) ....... and 450 species of fauna in the park
1. a. locates b. located c. is located d. is locating
2. a . covers b. contains c. abandons d. controls
3. a. neither b. either c. both d. every
4. a . 1000- year-old b. 1000- years- old c. 1000 year old d. 1000 years
5. a. dangerous b. wild c. rare d. endangered
6. a. trees b. flora c. vegetation d. flowers