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- Phần 1:
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) (trong phần 1)
⇒ 24x + 27y + 64z = 3,48 (1)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=2x+3y=0,16\left(2\right)\)
- Phần 2:
Mg, Al, Cu có số mol lần lượt là: kx, ky, kz (mol)
PT: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu}=\dfrac{1}{2}kx+\dfrac{3}{4}ky+\dfrac{1}{2}kz=0,165\left(3\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=kz=0,09\left(4\right)\)
Từ (3) và (4) có: \(\dfrac{kz}{\dfrac{1}{2}kx+\dfrac{3}{4}ky+\dfrac{1}{2}kz}=\dfrac{0,09}{0,165}\Rightarrow\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{3}{4}y+\dfrac{1}{2}z}=\dfrac{6}{11}\)
⇒ 3x + 4,5y - 8z = 0 (5)
Từ (1), (2) và (5) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\left(mol\right)\\y=0,04\left(mol\right)\\z=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào (4) ⇒ k = 3
Vậy: nMg = x + kx = 0,08 (mol) ⇒ mMg = 0,08.24 = 1,92 (g)
nAl = y + ky = 0,16 (mol) ⇒ mAl = 0,16.27 = 4,32 (g)
nCu = z + kz = 0,12 (mol) ⇒ mCu = 0,12.64 = 7,68 (g)
\(2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.4=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 56.n_{Fe}+27.n_{Al}=22\\ 2.n_{Fe}+3.n_{Al}=0,8 \end{cases}\Rightarrow \begin{cases} n_{Fe}=0,39(mol)\\ n_{Al}=0,007(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,39.56}{22}.100\%=99,27\%\\ \%m_{Al}=100\%-99,27\%=0,73\% \end{cases}\)
- Cho hh pư với HCl
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(Fe_3O_4+8HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+2FeCl_3+4H_2O\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ a + b + c = 0,4 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+2n_{MgO}+8n_{Fe_3O_4}=3a+2b+8c=1,5\left(2\right)\)
- Cho hh pư với NaOH:
PT: \(2Al+2H_2O+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,4}{22,4}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,25.27}{0,25.27+78}.100\%=\dfrac{900}{113}\%\)
%mAl không đổi trong hh.
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{27a}{27a+40b+232c}.100=\dfrac{900}{113}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{900}{113}\%\approx7,96\%\\\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,2.40}{0,1.27+0,2.40+0,1.232}.100\%\approx23,6\%\\\%m_{Fe_3O_4}\approx68,44\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 5:
mCu= 43,24% . 14,8\(\approx\) 6,4(g)
=>mFe\(\approx\) 14,8 - 6,4= 8,4(g)
=> nFe\(\approx\) 8,4/56\(\approx\) 0,15(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
nH2=nFe \(\approx\) 0,15 (mol)
=> V(H2,đktc) \(\approx\) 0,15 . 22,4\(\approx\) 3,36(l)
Bài 6:
nH2= 4,368/22,4=0,195(mol)
Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_____a_____a(mol)
2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2
b____3b____b______1,5b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=3,87\\a+1,5b=0,195\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,06\\b=0,09\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nH2SO4= 2a+3b=0,39(mol)
=> mH2SO4= 0,39.98=38,22(g)
b) m(muối)= mMgSO4 + mAl2(SO4)3= 120a+ 133,5b= 120.0,06+133,5.0,09= 19,215(g)
\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)