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a)
$n_{Al} = 0,3(mol)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,45(mol)$
$m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,45.98}{12,25\%} = 360(gam)$
b)
$n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,45(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08(lít)$
c)
$n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 8,1 + 360 - 0,45.2 = 367,2(gam)$
$C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{0,15.342}{367,2}.100\% = 14\%$
a) \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH --> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
0,2--------->0,4--------------->0,4------->0,2
=> VCO2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b) \(m_{dd.CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,4.60}{12\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 21,2 + 200 - 0,2.44 = 212,4 (g)
=> \(C\%_{muối}=\dfrac{0,4.82}{212,4}.100\%=15,44\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 0,05.........0,1..........0,05..........0,05\left(mol\right)\\ a.C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{200}.100=1,825\%\\ b.m_{Zn}=0,05.65=3,25\left(g\right)\\ c.C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{136.0,05}{3,25+200-0,05.2}.100\approx3,347\%\)
Bài 4 :
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{100}=14,6\)0/0
d) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=13+100-\left(0,2.2\right)=112,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{27,2.100}{112,6}=24,16\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
Bài 3 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=0,5.98=49\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{49.100}{200}=24,5\)0/0
d) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgSO4}=0,5.120=60\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=12+200-\left(0,5.2\right)=211\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{60.100}{211}=28,44\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 ---to→ 2Al2O3
Mol: 0,1 0,075 0,05
\(V_{O_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
b) \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05.102=5,1\left(g\right)\)
c)
PTHH: Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Mol: 0,05 0,3 0,1
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5.100}{7,3}=150\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
______0,2_____0,4_____0,2 (mol)
a, \(m_{CuCl_2}=0,2.135=27\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{300}.100\%\approx4,867\%\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 16 + 300 = 316 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{27}{316}.100\%\approx8,54\%\)
\(a,n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ b,n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)\\ c,n_{FeCl_2}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%\approx 22,93\%\)
a) \(n_{Zn}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học phản ứng
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
1 : 1 : 1 : 1
0.2 0,2 0,2
mol mol mol
=> \(V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b) \(m_{ZnSO_4}=n.M=0,2.161=32,2\left(g\right)\)
c) Ta có \(C\%=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=24,5\%\)
=> \(m_{ct}=\frac{C\%.m_{dd}}{100\%}=\frac{24,5\%.200}{100\%}=49\left(g\right)=m_{H_2SO_4}\)
=> \(m_{H_2O}=151\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{49}{98}=0,5\)(mol)
Dễ thấy \(\frac{n_{Zn}}{1}< \frac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\)
=> H2SO4 dư 0,5 - 0,2 = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\text{ dư }}=n.M=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\); \(m_{H_2SO4\text{ tham gia}}=n.M=0,2.98=19,6\)(g)
Áp dụng đinhk luật bảo toàn khối lượng
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}+m_{Zn}=m_{ZnSO4}+m_{H_2}\)
=> \(m_{H_2}=m_{H_2SO_4}+m_{Zn}-m_{ZnSO_4}=19,6+13-32,2=0,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{saupư}=m_{ZnSO_4}+m_{H_2SO_4\text{ dư}}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=32,2+29,4+151-0,4=232,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{sau\text{ pư}}}.100\%=\frac{29,4}{232,2}.100\%=12,66\%\)
\(C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\frac{32,2}{232,2}.100\%=13,87\%\)