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a) Bảo toàn nguyên tố H : \(n_{HCl}.1=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> nH2=0,3(mol)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b) Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{ct}=m_{kl}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}=10,4+0,6.36,5-0,3.2=31,7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,05\cdot56=2,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{6}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Cu}\approx100\%-46,67\%=53,33\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,05 0,05
\(m_{Fe}=0,05\cdot56=2,8g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{6}\cdot100\%=46,67\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,25 0,5 0,25
\(a,m_{Fe}=0,25.56=14\left(g\right)\)
\(b,C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\)
\(a)2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ b)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+b=0,25\\27a+56b=8,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ a=\dfrac{19}{470};b=\dfrac{121}{940}\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{470}\cdot27}{8,3}\cdot100=13,15\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=100-13,15=86,85\%\\ c)n_{HCl}=3\cdot\dfrac{19}{470}+2\cdot\dfrac{121}{940}=\dfrac{89}{235}mol\\ m_{ddHCl=}=\dfrac{\dfrac{89}{235}\cdot36,5}{7,3}\cdot100=189g\\ d)n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=\dfrac{19}{470}mol\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{121}{940}mol\)
\(m_{dd}=8,3+189-0,25.2=196,8g\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{470}\cdot133,8}{196,8}\cdot100=2,8\%\\ C_{\%FeCl_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{121}{940}127}{196,8}\cdot100=8,3\%\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,05
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Cu}=6-2,8=3,2\left(g\right)\)
0/0Fe = \(\dfrac{2,8.100}{6}\simeq46,7\)0/0
⇒ Chọn câu : B
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