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1.1. Al + NaOH + H2O ==> NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
nH2(1)=3,36/22,4=0.15(mol)
=> nAl(1)= nH2(1):3/2= 0.15:3/2= 0.1(mol)
2.Mg + 2HCl ==> MgCl2 + H2
3.2Al + 6HCl ==> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
4.Fe + 2HCl ==> FeCl2 + H2
=> \(n_{H_2\left(2,3,4\right)}=\) 10.08/22.4= 0.45(mol)
=> nH2(3)=0.1*3/2=0.15(mol)
MgCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
AlCl3 + 3NaOH ==> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
FeCl2 + 2NaOH ==> Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
\(n_{N_2O}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_A=27a+24b=12.6\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
Bào toàn e :
\(3a+2b=0.15\cdot8\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.2,b=0.3\)
\(\%Al=\dfrac{0.2\cdot27}{12.6}\cdot100\%=42.85\%\)
\(\%Mg=57.15\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ MgO+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{6,4}.100\%=37,5\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{MgO}=100\%-37,5\%=62,5\%\)
\(b,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{6,4-0,1.24}{40}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.0,1+2.0,1=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8(l)\\ c,n_{MgCl_2}=0,1+0,1=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25M\)
2al+ 6hcl-> 2alcl3+3h2
a-> 3a a 1,5a
fe+2hcl-> fecl2+h2
b->2b b b
27a+56b= 5,5
1,5a+b=4,48/22,4
=> a=0,1; b=0,05
=> %mal=0,1*27/5,5*100=49,09%
=>%mfe= 100-49,09=50,9%
mhcl= 3a+2b= 3*0,1+2*0,05=0,4
=>mddhcl= 0,4*36,5*100/14,6=100g
-> vddhcl=100/ 1,08=92,592ml
mddsau pư= 5,5+100-0,2*2=105,1
C% alcl3= 133,5*0,1/105,1*100=12,7
Cfecl2= 127* 0,05/105,1*100=6,04
Vì Cu không tác dụng với dung dịch axit clohidric loãng :
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,2
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Cu}=6-4,8=1,2\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
a) \(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(2M+2xHCl->2MCl_x+xH_2\) (2)
=> \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\dfrac{1,008}{22,4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\)
=> mHCl = 0,09.36,5 = 3,285 (g)
Theo ĐLBTKL: \(m_A+m_{HCl}=m_{Muối}+m_{H_2}\)
=> \(m_A=4,575+0,045.2-3,285=1,38\left(g\right)\)
b) Đặt số mol Fe, M là a, b
=> 56a + M.b = 1,38 (***)
(1)(2) => a+ 0,5bx = 0,045 (*)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{46.n_{NO_2}+64.n_{SO_2}}{n_{NO_2}+n_{SO_2}}=50,5\\n_{NO_2}+n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1,8816}{22,4}=0,084\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NO_2}=0,063\\n_{SO_2}=0,021\end{matrix}\right.\)
Fe0 - 3e --> Fe+3
a---->3a
M0 -xe --> M+x
b-->bx
N+5 +1e--> N+4
___0,063<-0,063
S+6 + 2e --> S+4
___0,042<-0,021
Bảo oàn e: 3a + bx = 0,105 (**)
(*)(**) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\\bx=0,06=>b=\dfrac{0,06}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)
(***) => 0,015.56 + \(M.\dfrac{0,06}{x}\) = 1,38
=> M = 9x (g/mol)
Xét x = 1 => M = 9(L)
Xét x = 2 => M = 18(L)
Xét x = 3 => M = 27(Al)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
2a_____4a______2a____2a (mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a_____2a______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b______3b______b______\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\\24\cdot2a+56a+27b=15,8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{15,8}\cdot100\%=35,44\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{15,8}=34,18\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30,38\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo các PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,2\cdot36,5}{200}\cdot100\%=21,9\%\)